高等学校化学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 20220044.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20220044
收稿日期:
2022-01-18
出版日期:
2022-06-10
发布日期:
2022-03-04
通讯作者:
王宝山
E-mail:baoshan@whu.edu.cn
基金资助:
DAI Wei, HOU Hua, WANG Baoshan()
Received:
2022-01-18
Online:
2022-06-10
Published:
2022-03-04
Contact:
WANG Baoshan
E-mail:baoshan@whu.edu.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
新型环保绝缘气体七氟异丁腈(C4)在高压输电应用中备受关注. 本文采用多种高精度量子化学理论方法研究了C4吸附电子后形成C4-负离子的结构、 光谱、 寿命以及与CO2的反应机理和动力学. 结果表明, 电子进入C≡N的π*反键轨道, 通过弯曲C—C=N形成C4-负离子, 绝热电子亲合能的最佳预测值为0.30 eV. 在 0~2 eV范围内C4-具有显著的光电子吸收峰, 亚稳态C4-负离子经约9 kJ/mol能垒断裂C—F键生成稳定的长寿命[F...(CF3)2CCN]-中间体. C4-+CO2反应存在进攻F或CN上的C和N 3种复合-解离机理, 在电气应用条件下, 以CO2进攻氰基CN途径为主, 诱发负电荷从CN向CO2转移.
中图分类号:
TrendMD:
戴卫, 侯华, 王宝山. 七氟异丁腈负离子结构与反应活性的理论研究. 高等学校化学学报, 2022, 43(6): 20220044.
DAI Wei, HOU Hua, WANG Baoshan. Theoretical Investigations on the Electronic Structures and Reactivity of Heptafluoro-iso-butyronitrile Anion. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2022, 43(6): 20220044.
Fig.1 Optimized geometrical parameters of neutral C4 and two C4- anions in either trans or cis conformationFrom top to bottom: M06-2X/AVTZ, M06-2X/AVQZ, and CCSD/AVTZ. Bond distances are in nm and angles are in degrees.
Fig.2 Molecular orbitals of C4- calculated at the CASSCF(7e, 7o)/AVTZ levelSymmetry and orbital energy(in a.u.) are shown in parenthesis. Isovalue=0.1.
Fig.3 Energetic profiles for both C4 and C4- along the C—C≡N bending coordinates calculated at the M06?2X/AVTZ levelSolid squares: partially optimized C4 molecule with the fixed C—C—N angles. Open squares: single-point energy of C4- at the optimized C4 geometries. Crosses: partially optimized C4- anion with the fixed C—C—N angles. The CN bond lengths in C4 and C4- are shown as dashed and dash-dotted lines, respectively.
Species | EA/eV | VAE/eV | VDE/eV |
---|---|---|---|
M06?2X/AVTZ | 0.36(0.18) | -0.57(-0.82) | 1.50(1.29) |
ROCBS?Q | 0.22(0.22) | -0.74(-0.50) | 1.21(1.47) |
RCCSD(T)/CBS( | 0.21(0.22) | -0.59(-0.49) | 1.18(1.44) |
RCCSD(T)/CBS( | 0.21(0.22) | -0.56(-0.47) | 1.18(1.45) |
RCCSD(T)?F12/VDZ?F12 | 0.18(0.17) | -0.75(-0.73) | 1.11(1.37) |
RCCSD(T)?F12/VTZ?F12 | 0.21(0.20) | -0.67(-0.66) | 1.16(1.41) |
Table 1 Electron affinity of C4 calculated at various levels of theory*
Species | EA/eV | VAE/eV | VDE/eV |
---|---|---|---|
M06?2X/AVTZ | 0.36(0.18) | -0.57(-0.82) | 1.50(1.29) |
ROCBS?Q | 0.22(0.22) | -0.74(-0.50) | 1.21(1.47) |
RCCSD(T)/CBS( | 0.21(0.22) | -0.59(-0.49) | 1.18(1.44) |
RCCSD(T)/CBS( | 0.21(0.22) | -0.56(-0.47) | 1.18(1.45) |
RCCSD(T)?F12/VDZ?F12 | 0.18(0.17) | -0.75(-0.73) | 1.11(1.37) |
RCCSD(T)?F12/VTZ?F12 | 0.21(0.20) | -0.67(-0.66) | 1.16(1.41) |
Fig.4 Energetic reaction paths for decomposition of C4- anion calculated at the ROCBS?Q+ZPE//M06?2X/AVTZ level of theoryNote that only the anionic product channels with lower energies are included.
Fig.5 Optimized geometries of the transition states(TS) and intermediates(IM) involved in the decomposition of C4- anion at the M06?2X/AVTZ levelFor TS1 and IM1, the CCSD/AVTZ and CASSCF(7e,7o)/AVTZ optimized geometrical parameters are shown as the 2nd and the 3rd entries, respectively, for the sake of comparison. Bond distances are in nm and angles are in degrees.
Species | ΔZPE/(kJ·mol-1) | Relative energy/(kJ·mol-1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M06?2X/AVTZ | RCCSD(T)/CBS | ROCBS?Q | RCCSD(T)?F12A/ VDZ?F12 | RCCSD(T)?F12A/ VTZ?F12 | ||
TS1 | -3.43 | 11.25 | 13.72(12.51) | 11.59(9.92) | 12.68(11.76) | 12.76(11.92) |
IM1 | 0.21 | -75.94 | -75.69(-76.57) | -80.83(-81.38) | -77.86(-78.66) | -77.66(-78.58) |
F+(CF3)2CCN- | -5.10 | 92.59 | 91.76 | 98.11 | 91.21 | 92.01 |
TS2 | -2.59 | 1.55 | -11.30 | -11.38 | -13.26 | -13.01 |
IM2 | 0.88 | -59.79 | -53.39 | -52.51 | -54.10 | -53.72 |
FCN+C(CF3)2- | -8.49 | 185.14 | 187.82 | 196.94 | 185.64 | 186.15 |
TS3 | -0.84 | 15.02 | 15.82 | 15.69 | 15.65 | 15.77 |
C4-, cis | -0.75 | 3.72 | 3.68 | 3.10 | 3.72 | 3.85 |
TS4 | -1.84 | 4.39 | 4.81 | 3.14 | 4.39 | 4.60 |
CF3CFCN-+CF3 | -6.86 | 117.40 | 122.38 | 133.13 | 120.29 | 120.12 |
CN-+C3F7 | -6.32 | 120.79 | 114.06 | 126.48 | 114.35 | 115.48 |
Table 2 ZPE corrections(ΔZPE) and relative energies for the species involved in the decomposition of C4- anion calculated at various levels of theory with respect to trans-C4- conformation*
Species | ΔZPE/(kJ·mol-1) | Relative energy/(kJ·mol-1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M06?2X/AVTZ | RCCSD(T)/CBS | ROCBS?Q | RCCSD(T)?F12A/ VDZ?F12 | RCCSD(T)?F12A/ VTZ?F12 | ||
TS1 | -3.43 | 11.25 | 13.72(12.51) | 11.59(9.92) | 12.68(11.76) | 12.76(11.92) |
IM1 | 0.21 | -75.94 | -75.69(-76.57) | -80.83(-81.38) | -77.86(-78.66) | -77.66(-78.58) |
F+(CF3)2CCN- | -5.10 | 92.59 | 91.76 | 98.11 | 91.21 | 92.01 |
TS2 | -2.59 | 1.55 | -11.30 | -11.38 | -13.26 | -13.01 |
IM2 | 0.88 | -59.79 | -53.39 | -52.51 | -54.10 | -53.72 |
FCN+C(CF3)2- | -8.49 | 185.14 | 187.82 | 196.94 | 185.64 | 186.15 |
TS3 | -0.84 | 15.02 | 15.82 | 15.69 | 15.65 | 15.77 |
C4-, cis | -0.75 | 3.72 | 3.68 | 3.10 | 3.72 | 3.85 |
TS4 | -1.84 | 4.39 | 4.81 | 3.14 | 4.39 | 4.60 |
CF3CFCN-+CF3 | -6.86 | 117.40 | 122.38 | 133.13 | 120.29 | 120.12 |
CN-+C3F7 | -6.32 | 120.79 | 114.06 | 126.48 | 114.35 | 115.48 |
Fig.6 Half?lifetime(t1/2) of C4- and IM1 anions at 0.5 MPa of CO2 bath gasThe geometries and energetics obtained at the ROCBS-Q//M06-2X/AVTZ level of theory were employed.
Fig.9 Energetic reaction paths for the C4-+CO2 reaction calculated at the ROCBS?Q+ZPE//M06?2X/AVTZ level of theoryNote that only the anionic product channels with lower energies are included.
Fig.10 Geometries of the species involved in the C4-+CO2 reaction optimized at the M06?2X/AVTZ levelBond distances are in nm and angles are in degrees.
Group | Mulliken charge/e | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
C4- | IM1c | IM3c | IM4c | |
CN | -0.987 | -0.463 | -0.072 | -0.646 |
F | -0.409 | -0.682 | -0.451 | -0.408 |
CF3 | -0.179 | -0.289 | -0.182 | -0.108 |
CO2 | 0 | -0.033 | -0.781 | -0.721 |
Table 3 Mulliken charges for various functional groups involved in C4- anion and intermediates calculated at the M06?2X/AVTZ level
Group | Mulliken charge/e | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
C4- | IM1c | IM3c | IM4c | |
CN | -0.987 | -0.463 | -0.072 | -0.646 |
F | -0.409 | -0.682 | -0.451 | -0.408 |
CF3 | -0.179 | -0.289 | -0.182 | -0.108 |
CO2 | 0 | -0.033 | -0.781 | -0.721 |
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