Determination of Brominated Flame Retardants in Environmental Water by Microwave-assisted Ionic Liquid/ionic Liquid Dispersive Liquid-liquid Microextraction Coupled with DART-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry†

doi:10.7503/cjcu20180026

Abstract

Abstract:

A new method termed microwave-assisted ionic liquid/ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with DART-Orbitrap mass spectrometry(MA-IL/IL-DLLME) was developed for the determination of selected five brominated flame retardants(BFRs) in environmental water. Instead of using hazardous organic solvents, two kinds of ionic liquids(ILs), hydrophobic IL([C₆MIM][PF₆]) and hydrophilic IL([C₄MIM][BF₄]), were used as extraction solvent and dispersion agent, respectively, in this method. In the extraction procedure, BFRs were extracted entirely into the [C₆MIM][PF₆] from environmental water samples with the help of [C₄MIM][BF₄]. After extraction, IL phase containing analytes was analyzed by direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry(DART-MS). Several experimental parameters that might affect the extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized experimental conditions, low limits of detection(LODs, 0.212—1.82 μg/L) were obtained. The present method also provides good recoveries(80.7%—107%) and acceptable precision(RSDs<10.2%). In addition, the negative ionization characteristics of 5 different BFRs were investigated using DART-Orbitrap MS. The experimental results demonstrated that the developed method contains the advantages including easy-to-use, high speed and high sensitivity for the analysis of BFRs in environmental water samples, showing potential application in the environmental science and environment pollution protection.

Key words: Microwave-assisted ionic liquid/ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, DART-Orbitrap MS, Brominated flame retardant, Rapid detection, Environmental water

CLC Number:

O654

TrendMD:

SU Rui,WANG Yihan,CHEN Changbao,SUN Xiuli,LIU Shuying,YANG Hongmei. Determination of Brominated Flame Retardants in Environmental Water by Microwave-assisted Ionic Liquid/ionic Liquid Dispersive Liquid-liquid Microextraction Coupled with DART-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2018, 39(9): 1934.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1 Structures of BFRs

Fig.2 Schematic procedure of MA-IL/IL-DLLME DART-Orbitrap MS

Fig.3 Mass spectra of 3,3',4-tribromodiphenyl ether(A, B) and tetrabromobisphenol A(C, D) obtained using helium(A, C) and argon nitrogen(B, D) as DART carrier gas

Fig.4 Ar-DART Orbitrap mass spectra of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether(A), 2,2',4,4',6- pentabromodiphenyl ether(B) and pentabromophenyl ether(C) in negative ion mode

Fig.5 Influence of six solvents on signal intensities obtained for BFRs in negative ion modea. Methylbenzene; b. acetonitrile; c. methanol; d. acetone; e. water; f. isopropanol. Data points are mean values of three determinations.

Fig.6 Effect of type of extraction solvent on signal intensities of BFRs in negative ion mode

Fig.7 Effect of type of dispersant on signal intensities of BFRs in negative ion mode

Table 1 Analytical performance of the proposed method, and recoveries obtained for analysis of the five BFRs spiked in environmental water sample

Analyte	10^-2 Linear range/ (μg·L^-1)	Regression equation^*	Correlation coefficient	LOD/ (μg·L^-1)	Sipked sample concentration/ (μg·L^-1)	Recovery (%, n=6)	RSD(%, n=6)
Pentabromophenyl ether	0.500—1.00	y=36673c+15343	0.999	0.212	5.0	86.1	8.16
					50.0	90.4	4.74
2,2',4,4',6-Pentabromodiphenyl ether	5.00—2.50	y=17073c-4522	0.998	1.73	5.0	92.3	5.65
					50.0	0.0101	7.43
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether	5.00—2.50	y=1938c+6688	0.997	1.82	5.0	80.7	8.51
					50.0	0.0107	9.26
3,3',4-Tribromodiphenyl ether	5.00—2.50	y=3925c+3761	0.998	1.55	5.0	90.6	10.20
					50.0	94.4	6.48
Tetrabromobisphenol A	5.00—2.50	y=17491c+8981	0.998	1.78	5.0	85.7	7.84
					50.0	91.9	8.60

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