Preparation and Photoelectrocatalytic Performance of Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide/Conductive Carbon Felt Electrode†

doi:10.7503/cjcu20150105

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on employing the titanium tetrachloride and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as inorganic titanium source and template agent, respectively, an inorganic titanium precursor solution was prepared by hydrothermal method. Mesoporous titania/conductive carbon felt electrode material(MPT/CCF) was obtained by the dip-coating method with the aid of ultrasonic system with CCF as a carrier. The material was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), Raman spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electronic microscopy(TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. By using benzaldehyde gas as the target degradation product, the photoelectrocatalytic performance of MPT/CCF was discussed under ultraviolet light irradiation. And the effects of the catalytic degradation conditions(temperature, humidity, bias voltage) on synergies mechanism were discussed. The results show that the MPT/CCF have smaller particle size, larger specific surface area and uniform pore size distribution in comparsion to pure MPT, due to the inhibitory effect of CCF on grain growth. In addition, 2-MPT/CCF-500 have the highest photoelectrocatalytic activity due to perfect crystal shape, homogeneous mesoporous structure and high concentrations of hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, it also has the very high photoelectric catalytic activity in the process of repeated use. The optimum catalytic condition is 55% of humidity and 10 V of bias voltage at 35 ℃.

Key words: Mesoporous titanium dioxide, Conductive carbon felt, Photoelectrocatalysis, Benzaldehyde

CLC Number:

O643

TrendMD:

LI Ming, LI Youji, XU Peng, LIN Xiao, HAN Wenxuan. Preparation and Photoelectrocatalytic Performance of Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide/Conductive Carbon Felt Electrode^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2015, 36(8): 1596.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 Schematic of photoelectrocatalytic degradation apparatus

Fig.2 XRD patterns of MPT/CCF and MPT calcined at different temperatures(A) and different load times(B) (A) a. MPT; b. MPT-200; c. MPT-300; d. 2-MPT/CCF-500; e. 2-MPT/CCF-600. (B) a. CCF; b. 1-MPT/CCF-500; c. 2-MPT/CCF-500; d. 3-MPT/CCF-500; e. 4-MPT/CCF-500.

Table 1 Grain size parameters(nm) of different samples

Sample	Calcination temperature/℃
Sample	400	500	600	700
MPT	16.9	19.1	20.9	27.7
1-MPT/CCF	12.5	13.8	18.7	22.4
2-MPT/CCF	9.9	18.5	20.2	27.1
3-MPT/CCF	12.7	22.3	16.1	27.4
4-MPT/CCF	10.4	19.4	20.5	22.2

Fig.3 Raman spectra of MPT/CCFA: Anatase; R: rutile; D and G: D-band and G-band of CCF. a. 2-MPT/CCF-400; b. 2-MPT/CCF-500; c. 2-MPT/CCF-600; d. 2-MPT/CCF-700.

Fig.4 SEM(A—E) and TEM(F) images of CCF(A) and MPT/CCF(B—F)(B) 1-MPT/CCF-500; (C, F) 2-MPT/CCF-500; (D) 3-MPT/CCF-500; (E) 4-MPT/CCF-500. Inset of (F) is HRTEM image of 2-MPT/CCF-500.

Fig.5 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms(A) and pore size distributions(B) of the samples

Table 2 Structural parameters of the samples

Sample	TiO₂ content^a(%)	$S BET b$ /(m²·g^-1)	Average pore size^c/nm	O₁_s content^d(%)
Sample	TiO₂ content^a(%)	$S BET b$ /(m²·g^-1)	Average pore size^c/nm	Ti—O	C—O	O—H
MPT	100	103.377	16.628	86.3	13.6	0.1
2-MPT/CCF-400	9.73	139.137	18.153	83.7	16.1	0.2
2-MPT/CCF-500	9.25	144.015	19.360	77.9	10.0	12.1
2-MPT/CCF-600	9.14	119.120	24.843	73.7	19.8	6.5
2-MPT/CCF-700	9.03	72.618	15.656	78.4	18.7	2.9
1-MPT/CCF-500	7.67	39.530	19.134	77.5	22.4	0.1
3-MPT/CCF-500	11.26	41.173	19.107	68.9	26.5	4.6
4-MPT/CCF-500	12.89	66.709	19.152	78.1	20.0	1.9
CCF	0	58.786	15.430

Table 2 Structural parameters of the samples

Sample	TiO₂ content^a(%)	$S BET b$ /(m²·g^-1)	Average pore size^c/nm	O₁_s content^d(%)
Sample	TiO₂ content^a(%)	$S BET b$ /(m²·g^-1)	Average pore size^c/nm	Ti—O	C—O	O—H
MPT	100	103.377	16.628	86.3	13.6	0.1
2-MPT/CCF-400	9.73	139.137	18.153	83.7	16.1	0.2
2-MPT/CCF-500	9.25	144.015	19.360	77.9	10.0	12.1
2-MPT/CCF-600	9.14	119.120	24.843	73.7	19.8	6.5
2-MPT/CCF-700	9.03	72.618	15.656	78.4	18.7	2.9
1-MPT/CCF-500	7.67	39.530	19.134	77.5	22.4	0.1
3-MPT/CCF-500	11.26	41.173	19.107	68.9	26.5	4.6
4-MPT/CCF-500	12.89	66.709	19.152	78.1	20.0	1.9
CCF	0	58.786	15.430

Fig.6 XPS spectra of MPT and MPT/CCF(A,B) Full spectra; (C,D) Ti2p; (E, F) O1s. (A) a. 2-MPT/CCF-400; b. 2-MPT/CCF-500; c. 2-MPT/CCF-600; d. 2-MPT/CCF-700. (B) a. 1-MPT/CCF-500; b. 2-MPT/CCF-500; c. 3-MPT/CCF-500; d. 4-MPT/CCF-500. (C), (E) a. MPT; b. 2-MPT/CCF-400; c. 2-MPT/CCF-500; d. 2-MPT/CCF-600; e. 2-MPT/CCF-700. (D), (F) a. MPT; b. 1-MPT/CCF-500; c. 2-MPT/CCF-500; d. 3-MPT/CCF-500; e. 4-MPT/CCF-500.

Fig.7 FTIR spectra of the samplesa. MPT-500; b. CCF; c. 1-MPT/CCF-500; d. 2-MPT/CCF-500; e. 3-MPT/CCF-500; f. 4-MPT/CCF-500.

Fig.8 Effects of degradation time on degradation rate(A) and ln(c0/c)(B) with different catalysts(A, B) a. CCF; b. 1-MPT/CCF-500; c. 2-MPT/CCF-500; d. 3-MPT/CCF-500; e. 4-MPT/CCF-500.(B) a. y=0.0017x, R2=0.94, t1/2=407.73 min; b. y=0.0067x, R2=0.98, t1/2=103.45 min; c. y=0.0176x, R2=0.98, t1/2=39.38 min; d. y=0.0107x, R2=0.97, t1/2=64.78 min; e. y=0.0086x, R2=0.99, t1/2=80.69 min.

Fig.9 Effects of calcination temperature of the catalyst on degradation rate constantDegradation conditions: 35 ℃; relative humidity:55%; bias voltage: 10 V.

Fig.10 Effect of temperature(A), relative humidity(B) and bias voltage(C) on degradation rate constant

Fig.11 2-MPT/CCF-500 recycling performance

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