Comprehensive Utilization of Rice Husk to Prepare Xylose, Capacitance Carbon and Calcium Silicate Whiskers†

doi:10.7503/cjcu20180424

Abstract

Abstract:

Hemicellulose of rice husk was used to prepare xylose by acid catalytic hydrolysis. The xylose cinder was carbonized and separated into C and Si. C was activated into capacitance carbon by activated modification, and Si was used to synthesize calcium silicate whiskers by hydrothermal method. Thus, all the components of rice husk were utilized comprehensively. The electrochemical performance of the capacitance carbon was studied by cyclic voltammeter(CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge(GCD) tests. The structure and morphology of the calcium silicate whiskers were studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results show that the xylose yields(Y₁/Y₂/Y₃) and contents(mass fraction, C₁/C₂/C₃) of the first, the second and the third hydrolysis can achieve Y₁=98.5%, C₁=3.6%, Y₂=85.4%, C₂=6.3% and Y₃=76.6%, C₃=9.0% under the optimized conditions, which are 7%(mass fraction) sulfuric acid, 1:8 solid-to-liquid ratio(g/mL), 2.0 h reaction time. The capacitance carbon prepared by activated modification with 15 mL 8% NaOH solution(AC/15) has the specific capacitance of 77.32 F/g, and a better double rate and cyclic stability.

Key words: Comprehensive utilization of rice husk, Xylose, Capacitance carbon, Calcium silicate whisker

CLC Number:

O614

TrendMD:

SUI Guanghui,CHENG Yanyan,CHEN Zhimin,WEI Qingling,WANG Xiaofeng,YANG Xiaomin,WANG Zichen. Comprehensive Utilization of Rice Husk to Prepare Xylose, Capacitance Carbon and Calcium Silicate Whiskers^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2019, 40(2): 224.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1 Effects of H2SO4 concentration(A), solid-to-liquid ratio(B) and reaction time(C) on each yield and concentration of xylose hydrolyzed from rice husk three times

Fig.2 Cyclic voltammograms of AC/0, AC/15, AC/30 and AC/50 at 5 mV/s

Fig.3 Galvanostatic charge-discharge curves of AC/15 at different current densities

Fig.4 Cycling performance of AC/0(A), AC/15(B), AC/30(C) and AC/50(D) at 1 A/g for 5000 cycles

Fig.5 SEM image(A) and XRD pattern(B) of calcium silicate whisker

Fig.6 DSC/TG curves of calcium silicate whisker

References 34

[1]	Wobiwo F. A., Emaga T. H., Fokou E., Boda M., Gillet S., Deleu M., Richel A., Gerin P. A., Biomass Convers. Bior.,2017, 7(2), 167-177
[2]	Al-Hamamre Z., Saidan M., Hararah M., Rawajfeh K., Alkhasawneh H. E., Al-Shannag M., Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev.,2017, 67, 295-314
[3]	Yang H. P., Yan R., Chen H. P., Lee D. H., Zheng C. G., Fuel,2007, 86(12), 1781-1788
[4]	Rong C.G. Studies on Preparation of Furfural and Comprehensive Utilization of Furfural Residue, Jilin University, Changchun, 2012
	(荣春光. 糠醛生产工艺研究及糠醛废渣的综合利用, 长春: 吉林大学, 2012)
[5]	Zhan H. Y., China Pulp & Paper, 2010, 29(8), 56-64
	(詹怀宇. 中国造纸, 2010, 29(8), 56-64)
[6]	Zhao M. Z., Jing J. L., Zhu Y. C., Yang X. M., Wang X. F., Wang Z. C., Int. J. Adhes. Adhes.,2016, 64, 163-167
[7]	He W. X., Zhang Z. L., Ji J. B., Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2016, 35(5), 1366-1376
	(何文修, 张智亮, 计建炳. 化工进展, 2016, 35(5), 1366-1376)
[8]	Zhang H. X., Zhao X., Ding X. F., Lei H., Chen X., An D. M., Li Y. L., Wang Z. C., Bioresource Technol.,2010, 101(4), 1263-1267
[9]	Li Y., Shi G., Zhang L., Li Y. R., Shi G. Y., Ni C. H., Chem. J. Chinese Universities,2015, 36(8), 1461-1466
	(李赢, 石刚, 张梁, 李由然, 石贵阳, 倪才华. 高等学校化学学报, 2015, 36(8), 1461-1466)
[10]	Chareonlimkun A., Champreda V., Shotipruk A., Laosiripojana N., Bioresource Technol.,2010, 101(11), 4179-4186
[11]	Ren S. X., Xu H. Y., Zhu J. L., Li S. Q., He X. F., Lei T. Z., Carbohyd. Res.,2012, 359, 1-6
[12]	Wang L. L., Guo Y. P., Zou B., Rong C. G., Ma X. Y., Qu Y. N., Li Y., Wang Z. C., Bioresource Technol.,2011, 102(2), 1947-1950
[13]	Yang X. M., Liang Y., Cheng Y. Y., Song W., Wang X. F., Wang Z. C., Qiu J. S., Catal. Commun.,2014, 47, 28-31
[14]	Liu Y., Guo Y. P., Gao W., Wang Z., Ma Y. J., Wang Z. C., J. Clean. Prod.,2012, 32, 204-209
[15]	Setthaya N., Chindaprasirt P., Yin S., Pimraksa K., Powder Technol.,2017, 313, 417-426
[16]	Liu Y., Guo Y. P., Zhu Y. C., An D. M., Gao W., Wang Z., Ma Y. J., Wang Z. C., J. Hazard. Mater.,2011, 186(2/3), 1314-1319
[17]	Sinyoung S., Kunchariyakun K., Asavapisit S., MacKenzie K. J. D., J. Environ. Manage.,2017, 190, 53-60
[18]	Zhang H. X., Ding X. F., Wang Z. C., Zhao X., Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications,2014, 2014(7), 603481
[19]	Zhang H. X., Ding X. F., Chen X., Ma Y. J., Wang Z. C., Zhao X., J. Hazard. Mater.,2015, 291(30), 65-73
[20]	Fu K., Li Z., Xia Q. B., Xi H. X., Guangdong Chemical Industry,2005, 32(11), 30-33
	(符瞰, 李忠, 夏启斌, 奚红霞. 广东化工, 2005, 32(11), 30-33)
[21]	Frackowiak E., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2007, 9(15), 1774-1785
[22]	Wen B., Wei S., Shi Z., Lin H. B., Lu H. Y., Chem. J. Chinese Universities,2013, 34(3), 674-678
	(闻斌, 魏双, 施展, 林海波, 陆海彦. 高等学校化学学报, 2013, 34(3), 674-678)
[23]	Zhang W. L., Lin N., Liu D. B., Xu J. H., Sha J. X., Yin J., Tan X. B., Yang H. P., Lu H. Y., Lin H. B., Energy,2017, 128, 618-625
[24]	Li Y., Li C., Yu K. F., Chem. J. Chinese Universities,2018, 39(4), 607-613
	(李义, 李纯, 于开锋. 高等学校化学学报, 2018, 39(4), 607-613)
[25]	Ding L. L., Zou B., Gao W., Liu Q., Wang Z. C., Guo Y. P., Wang X. F., Liu Y. H., Colloid. Surface A.,2014, 446, 1-7
[26]	Cen L., Chen F. L., Wang Z. Y., Zhou Y. H., Special Purpose Rubber Products,2006, 27(5), 10-13
	(岑兰, 陈福林, 王志远, 周彦豪. 特种橡胶制品, 2006, 27(5), 10-13)
[27]	Yang Y. R., Zhang Q. J., Cai W., Yi M. G., Xiang L., Mater. Design.,2018, 146, 172-179
[28]	Wang L. L., Dong X., Wang X. R., Zhu G. Y., Li H. Q., Wang D. J., Chinese J. Polym. Sci.,2016, 34(8), 991-1000
[29]	Liu F., Wang X.D., Cao J. X.,Chinese Sci. Bull., 2012, (34), 3323-3328
	(刘飞, 王晓丹, 曹建新. 科学通报, 2012, (34), 3323-3328)
[30]	Li X., Jiang C., J. Mater. Sci.,2006, 41(15), 4944-4947
[31]	Huang X., Jiang D. L., Tan S. H., Journal of Inorganic Materials,2003, 18(1), 143-148
	(黄翔, 江东亮, 谭寿洪. 无机材料学报, 2003, 18(1), 143-148)
[32]	Liu F., Study on Hydrothermal Synthesis of Xonotlite Whiskers and Its Application in Ultra-light Material of Calcium Silicate, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 2010
	(刘飞. 水热合成硬硅钙石晶须及其在超轻质硅酸钙材料中应用的研究, 广州: 华南理工大学, 2010)
[33]	Liu D. C., Zhang W. L., Lin H. B., Li Y., Lu H. Y., Wang Y., J. Clean. Prod.,2016, 112, 1190-1198
[34]	Zhang W., Lin H., Lin Z., Yin J., Lu H., Liu D., Zhao M., Chemsuschem,2015, 8(12), 2114-2122