超疏水聚苯胺/聚四氟乙烯复合膜的制备及油-水乳液分离性能

doi:10.7503/cjcu20190537

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以苯胺为原料, 采用原位聚合法在聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)基体上合成聚苯胺/聚四氟乙烯(PANI/PTFE)复合膜. 利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和静态水接触角测试对PANI/PTFE复合膜的形貌、结构和浸润性进行分析, 并对其油包水乳液分离性能、通量和循环使用性能进行了测试. 研究结果表明, PANI/PTFE复合膜仅在重力条件就能有效分离油包水乳液; 而且重复数十次过滤后, PANI/PTFE复合膜仍具有良好的抗污能力和分离性能.

关键词: 超疏水性, 聚苯胺聚四氟乙烯复合膜, 乳液分离, 稳定性

Abstract:

With aniline as a raw material, polyaniline(PANI) composite membrane was synthesized on polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) by in-situ polymerization. The morphology, chemical structure and the wettability of PANI/PTFE composite membrane were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), ultraviolet-visable absorption spectroscopy(UV-Vis) and static water contact angle tester, and the water separation performance, flux and cycle performance of the water-in-oil emulsion were tested. The results show that PANI/PTFE composite membrane can effectively separate oil-in-water emulsion only under gravity conditions, and it still has good anti-fouling ability and separation performance after filtration for dozens of times.

Key words: Superhydrophobicity, Polyaniline/polytetrafluoroethylene composite membrane, Emulsion separation, Stability

中图分类号:

TrendMD:

任文, 张国立, 闫涵, 胡兴华, 李焜, 王景凤, 李瑞琦. 超疏水聚苯胺/聚四氟乙烯复合膜的制备及油-水乳液分离性能. 高等学校化学学报, 2020, 41(4): 846.

REN Wen, ZHANG Guoli, YAN Han, HU Xinghua, LI Kun, WANG Jingfeng, LI Ruiqi. Preparation of Superhydrophobic Polyaniline/Polytetrafluoroethylenethylene Composite Membrane and Its Separation Ability for Oil-Water Emulsion ^†. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2020, 41(4): 846.

图/表 10

Fig.1 SEM images of PTFE membrane(A) and PANI/PTFE composite membrane(B)Insets: (A) photo of PTFE membnane; (B) magnified image of the area framed in (B).

Fig.2 SEM images of PANI/PTFE composite membrane with different aniline concentrationsConcentration of ANI(mol/L): (A) 0.1; (B) 0.15; (C,D) 0.2. Reaction time/h: (A—C) 6; (D) 24. Insets in the upright of (A—D): the contact angles of water droplets on PANI/PTFE composite membrane. Inset in the downright of (D): high-resolution SEM images of PANI nanofibers.

Fig.3 Infrared spectra of PTFE(a)and PANI/PTFE composite membrane(b)

Fig.4 UV-Vis spectra of PTFE(a) and PANI/PTFE composite membrane(b)

Fig.5 The wettability of PTFE membrane and PANI/PTFE composite membrane(A, B) Photos of PTFE membrane and PANI/PTFE composite membrane, respectively; (C) the membrane surface appeared mirror-like; (D) removal CHCl3 from water using PANI/PTFE composite membrane; (E) CHCl3 in water was absorbed cleanly by PANI/PTFE composite membrane; (F, G) the diagrams of Wenzel state and Cassie state, respectively.

Fig.6 Optical microscopy images(A1—C1) and photos of the as-prepared emulsion before(A2—C2) and after(A3—C3) standing for 24 h(A1—A3) Water-in-toluene emulsion; (B1—B3) water-in-n-hexane emulsion; (C1—C3) water-in-trichloromethane emulsion.

Fig.7 Separation device(A), photo of emulsion and the collected filtrate(B), optical microscopy images of the emulsion(C) and the filtrate(D)

Fig.8 Recyclability of PANI/PTFE composite membraneInsets: upleft, initial water contact angle of PANI/PTFE composite membrane; uprigt, water contact angle of PANI/PTFE composite membrane after 4 cycles of filtration.

Fig.9 WCA of PANI/PTFE composite membrane after immersed in various organic solvents at r. t. for 8 h(A) and various aqueous solution for 48 h(B)(A) a. Trichloromethane; b. dichloromethane; c. n-hexane; d. toluene; e. isooctane. (B) a. Water, t=5 ℃; b. water, t=70 ℃; c. 1 mol/L NaCl, r. t.; d. 1 mol/L HCl, r. t.; e. 1 mol/L H2SO4, r. t..

Fig.10 Mechanical stability test of PANI/PTFE composite membrane under mechanical abrasion(A) and WCA of PANI/PTFE composite membrane after cyclic abrasion test(B)Insets in (B): upleft, initial water contact angle of PANI/PTFE composite membrane; upright, water contact angle of PANI/PTFE composite membrane after 50 cycles abrasion tests; downright, photo of PANI / PTFE composite membrane after 50 cycles abrasion tests.

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