含盐胶体液滴的蒸发图案形成机理

doi:10.7503/cjcu20140073

高等学校化学学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 1258.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20140073

含盐胶体液滴的蒸发图案形成机理

张永建¹, 刘正堂¹(), 钱一梦², 栗志广², 臧渡洋²()

1. 凝固技术国家重点实验室, 西北工业大学材料学院, 西安 710072
2. 功能软物质与材料课题组, 空间应用物理与化学教育部重点实验室, 西北工业大学理学院, 西安 710129

收稿日期:2014-01-21 出版日期:2014-06-10 发布日期:2014-04-29
作者简介:联系人简介: 刘正堂, 男, 博士, 教授, 主要从事功能薄膜研究. E-mail:liuzht@nwpu.edu.cn;臧渡洋, 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事功能软物质研究. E-mail:dyzang@nwpu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(批准号: 51301139)、教育部博士点新教师基金(批准号: 20126102120058)、陕西省自然科学基金(批准号: 2012JQ1016)和西北工业大学基础研究基金(批准号: JCY20130147)资助

Pattern Formation Mechanism via Evaporation of Colloidal Droplet Containing PTFE Particles and NaCl^†

ZHANG Yongjian¹, LIU Zhengtang^1,^*(), QIAN Yimeng², LI Zhiguang², ZANG Duyang^2,^*()

1. State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering,Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
2. Functional Soft Matter & Materials Group, Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China

Received:2014-01-21 Online:2014-06-10 Published:2014-04-29
Contact: LIU Zhengtang,ZANG Duyang E-mail:liuzht@nwpu.edu.cn;dyzang@nwpu.edu.cn
Supported by:
† Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51301139), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education, China(No.20126102120058), the Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China(No.2012JQ1016) and Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University for Fundamental Research, China(No.JCY20130147)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究了聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)胶粒与NaCl混合液滴的蒸发过程及其图案形成机理. 结果表明, PTFE颗粒对接触线具有强烈的钉扎作用, 胶体液滴蒸发伴有显著的“咖啡环”效应. 由于液滴中心液相区表面张力法向分力的作用, 使得凝胶区存在辐射状应力, 进而产生从液滴边缘向中心的辐射状裂纹, 裂纹数量随胶粒的体积分数增大而减少. NaCl与PTFE胶粒的混合液滴出现了复杂多样的蒸发图案. 盐的加入抑制了向外的毛细补偿流, 从而有利于获得宏观上厚度均匀的沉积膜. NaCl与PTFE胶粒耦合形成了凹凸不平的枝晶状形貌, 这可能是释放蒸发应力的结果.

关键词: 咖啡环效应, 毛细流, Marangoni对流, 重力沉降, 聚四氟乙烯, 蒸发图案, 胶体液滴

Abstract:

The pattern formation via the evaporation of colloidal droplet containing polytetrafluoroethene(PTFE) particle and NaCl salt were investigated. Due to the pinning of the contact line caused by the PTFE particles, a notable “coffee ring” effect was observed in the drying of droplets containing only colloidal particles. Furthermore, because of the stress field built between the inner liquid zone and outside solid zone which is induced by the azimuthal component of the surface tension of the liquid zone, cracks start to emerge in the gel zone and propagate from the edge of the droplet to the centre. The quantity of the cracks decreases with increasing volume fraction of particles. With the presence of NaCl, the outward capillary flow was greatly restricted, leading to a more homogeneous deposition of the colloidal particles. Interestingly, a rough dendrite structure containing both salt and PTFE particles was formed. It was resulted from the release of stress induced by evaporation.

Key words: Coffee ring effect, Capillary flow, Marangoni convection, Gravity sedimentation, Polytetra-fluoroethene, Pattern of evaporation, Colloidal droplet

中图分类号:

O647

TrendMD:

张永建, 刘正堂, 钱一梦, 栗志广, 臧渡洋. 含盐胶体液滴的蒸发图案形成机理. 高等学校化学学报, 2014, 35(6): 1258.

ZHANG Yongjian, LIU Zhengtang, QIAN Yimeng, LI Zhiguang, ZANG Duyang. Pattern Formation Mechanism via Evaporation of Colloidal Droplet Containing PTFE Particles and NaCl^†. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2014, 35(6): 1258.

图/表 13

Fig.1 Final evaporation patterns of PTFE colloidal droplets with different mass fractions(A)—(C) are the optical microscopy images for w(PTFE)=6%, 15% and 30%, respectively; (D)—(F) are the SEM images correspon-ding to the enlarged central zones in images(A)—(C).

Fig.2 Cross section profiles of the final depositions[w(PTFE)=30%] (A) Overview of the section; (B) enlargement of the selected part.

Fig.3 Deposition thickness vs. the distance from droplet center R/R0R0 is the final radius of the deposition.

Fig.4 In situ observation(optical microscopy images) of the evaporation process of a colloidal droplet[w(PTFE)=15%](A)—(H) are the time sequence images showing the propagation of the evaporation fronts(indicated by arrows) and the formation of different zones(G). Time/s: (A) 0; (B) 10; (C) 13; (D) 16; (E) 18; (F) 22; (G) 27; (H) 30.

Fig.5 In situ observation(optical microscopy images) of the evaporation process of a colloidal droplet[w(PTFE)=30%](A)—(H) are the time sequence images. The arrows indicate the wrinkles which reflect the inner stress during evaporation.Time/s: (A) 0; (B) 50; (C) 85; (D) 110; (E) 118; (F) 124; (G) 132; (H) 140.

Fig.6 Number of cracks(N) as a function of particle concentration(w)

Fig.7 In situ observation(optical microscopy images) of the evaporation process of a NaCl solution droplet[w(PTFE)=20%](A)—(H) are the time sequence images; Time/s: (A) 0; (B) 5; (C) 90; (D) 105; (E) 155; (F) 200; (G) 240; (H) 320; (I) the Marangoni convection and gravitation sedimentation in the droplet.

Fig.8 Contact line pinning effect caused by PTFE particles (A) 0.5%PTFE+10%NaCl; (B) 0.5%PTFE+20%NaCl.

Fig.9 Various evaporation patterns(optical microscopy images) obtained with complex droplets

Fig.10 In situ observation(optical microscopy images) of the evaporation process of a complex droplet(6%PTFE+5%NaCl)(A)—(H) are the time sequence images. Time/s: (A) 90; (B) 96; (C) 109; (D) 115; (E) 130; (F) 135; (G) 143; (H) 150.

Fig.11 SEM image of the cross section of the deposition obtained from a complex droplet(6%PTFE+5%NaCl)

Fig.12 Dendrite structure obtained in the evaporation of a complex droplet(A)(6%PTFE+5%NaCl) and EDS analysis of the points b—d marked in image(A)(B—D)

Fig.13 In situ observation(optical microscopy images) of the evaporation process of a complex droplet(6%PTFE+30%NaCl)(A)—(H) are the time sequence images. The arrows indicate the inward Marangoni flow. Time/s: (A) 0; (B) 25; (C) 60; (D) 83; (E) 95; (F) 125; (G) 150; (H) 180; (I) 200; (J) 206; (K) 220; (L) 240.

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含盐胶体液滴的蒸发图案形成机理

Pattern Formation Mechanism via Evaporation of Colloidal Droplet Containing PTFE Particles and NaCl^†

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含盐胶体液滴的蒸发图案形成机理

Pattern Formation Mechanism via Evaporation of Colloidal Droplet Containing PTFE Particles and NaCl†

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Pattern Formation Mechanism via Evaporation of Colloidal Droplet Containing PTFE Particles and NaCl^†