高等学校化学学报 ›› 1982, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (1): 107.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

电解质在混合溶剂中的活度系数及溶剂化数的研究——KClO4-CH3OH-非电解质体系

杨旦, 刘瑞麟   

  1. 北京大学化学系
  • 收稿日期:1980-06-03 出版日期:1982-01-25 发布日期:1982-01-25

STUDIES ON ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS AND SOLVATION NUMBERS OF ELECTROLYTES IN MIXED SOLVENTS-SYSTEMS OF KClO4 METHANOL AND NONELECTROLYTES

Liu Ruilin, Yang Tan   

  1. Department of Chemistry, Beijing uniuersity, Beijing
  • Received:1980-06-03 Online:1982-01-25 Published:1982-01-25

摘要: 本文测定了KClO4在甲醇-苯,甲醇-甲苯,甲醇-四氯化碳及甲醇-环己烷四个混合溶剂中的溶解度。使用A.D'Aprano[4]和C.W.Davies[2],报告的KClO4及KNO3在甲醇中的缔合常数,计算得“自由离子”浓度。盐的介质效应活度系数fMX以So/Sm或S、D的表示值趋近相等,与非电解质的摩尔分数X(Ne的关系符合经验公式:1gfMX=kXNe,这里So和Sm分别是盐在甲醇和混合溶剂中的溶解度;脚注(±)标识“自由离子”;k为常数。电解质的溶剂化数公式:n++n-=-21gfMX/1gφρ,对KClO4在这些混合溶剂中的情况并不适用,这里n++n-是正、负离子溶剂化数之和;φp是甲醇在混合溶剂中的体积分数。这个结果表明ClO4-的溶剂化层不是完全由甲醇分子所形成,非电解质也影响着ClO4-在这些溶剂中的溶剂化层。KNO3的实验数据,溶解度公式和溶剂化数公式是引自李芝芬、黄子卿、刘瑞麟以前的论文。

Abstract: Solubility data of KClO4 in mixed solvents, namely, methanol-benzene, methanol-toluene, methanol-Carbontetrachloride and methanol-cyclohexane, are reported in this paper, The "free ion" concentrations of KClO4 and KNO3 are calculated by using the association constants given by A,D'Aprano and C. W. Davies[2] of these salts in methanol, The medium activity coefficients fMXexpressed in terms of S0/Sm and (S0)±/(Sm)± are approximately equal and related to rnol fraction XNc of nonelectrolytes in the mixed solvents by the following empirical formula: lgfMX = kXNe where So and Sm are solubilities of salts in methanol and mixed solvensts respectively; the Subscript ± is used for the "free ion" and k is a constant. The formula for the Solvation number of electrolyte n+ +n-=-2lgfMX/lgφp is not valid for KClO4 in these Mixed solvents, where n+ +n- is the sum of the solvation number of positive and negative ion; φp is the volume fraction of methanol in mixed solvents, This result indicates that the solvation layer of ClO4- is not entirely formed by the methanol molecules and the nonelectrolyte exerts some effects on the solvation layer too.experimental data of KNO3, formulas of the solubility and of Solvation numbers are quoted from the former paper of li, Huang and liu[1].

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