高等学校化学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 20210847.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20210847

• 高分子化学 • 上一篇    下一篇

磷杂菲改性腰果酚多元醇的合成及阻燃聚氨酯硬泡性能

唐刚1(), 孙俊杰1, 张冬欣2, 伍强1, 张贺新3, 沈海峰1, 陶熠1, 刘秀玉1   

  1. 1.安徽工业大学建筑工程学院
    2.分子工程与应用化学研究所
    3.化学与化工学院, 马鞍山 243032
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-21 出版日期:2022-04-10 发布日期:2022-02-28
  • 通讯作者: 唐刚 E-mail:tanggang@ahut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51403004);安徽省自然科学基金(2108085ME178)

Synthesis of Phosphaphenanthrene-modified Cardanol-based Polyol and Its Performance as Flame Retardant in Rigid Polyurethane Foams

TANG Gang1(), SUN Junjie1, ZHANG Dongxin2, WU Qiang1, ZHANG Hexin3, SHEN Haifeng1, TAO Yi1, LIU Xiuyu1   

  1. 1.School of Architecture and Civil Engineering
    2.Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry
    3.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Anhui University of Technology,Ma’anshan 243032,China
  • Received:2021-12-21 Online:2022-04-10 Published:2022-02-28
  • Contact: TANG Gang E-mail:tanggang@ahut.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51403004);the Natural Science Fund of Anhui Province, China(2108085ME178)

摘要:

采用生物质原料腰果酚和9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)为原料, 合成了一种磷杂菲改性腰果酚多元醇(P-Cardanol-Polyol), 并利用核磁共振氢谱和磷谱对其结构进行了表征. 利用P-Cardanol-Polyol对聚氨酯硬泡(RPUF)进行阻燃改性, 得到一系列阻燃聚氨酯硬泡. 考察了P-Cardanol-Polyol的用量对阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的形貌、 密度、 热导率、 压缩性能、 热稳定性以及阻燃性能的影响. 研究结果表明, P-Cardanol-Polyol对聚氨酯硬泡的密度影响可以忽略不计; 随着P-Cardanol-Polyol的加入, 阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的平均孔径逐渐减小, 热导率也逐渐降低. 未改性聚氨酯硬泡的最大热释放速率和总放热量分别为390 kW/m2和31.9 MJ/m2, 阻燃聚氨酯硬泡则降低至340 kW/m2和24.6 MJ/m2. 此外, 阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的压缩强度比未改性聚氨酯硬泡提升了约13%. 炭层分析结果表明, P-Cardanol-Polyol能够促进聚氨酯硬泡形成连续致密且具有良好抗热氧化性能的炭层, 有利于减少燃烧过程中可燃性气体的逸出, 从而提升阻燃性能.

关键词: 聚氨酯硬泡, 腰果酚多元醇, 磷杂菲, 阻燃剂, 热降解

Abstract:

A phosphaphenanthrene-modified cardanol-based polyol(P-Cardanol-Polyol) was synthesized from car-danol and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide(DOPO), and its structure was characterized by 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectra. Subsequently, P-Cardanol-Polyol was used to prepare a series of flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams(RPUFs). The effects of P-Cardanol-Polyol on the morphology, density, thermal conductivity, compression property, thermal stability and flame-retardant properties of RPUFs were investigated. The results showed that P-Cardanol-Polyol had a negligible effect on the density of RPUFs; with the increased amount of P-Cardanol-Polyol, the average pore size and the thermal conductivity of flame-retardant RPUFs decreased gradually. The maximum heat release rate and total heat release of the unmodified RPUF were 390 kW/m2 and 31.9 MJ/m2, respectively, while those of flame-retardant RPUF were reduced to 340 kW/m2 and 24.6 MJ/m2. In addition, the compressive strength of flame-retardant RPUF was about 13% higher than that of unmodified RPUF. The results of char analysis showed that P-Cardanol-Polyol can promote the formation of a continuous and dense char layer with good thermal-oxidative resistance, which is conducive to reducing the escape of combustible gases during combustion, so as to improve the flame-retardant performance.

Key words: Rigid polyurethane foams, Cardanol-based polyol, Phosphaphenanthrene, Flame retardant, Thermal decomposition

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