Chem. J. Chinese Universities ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 20250318.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20250318
• Physical Chemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles
ZHAO Wenyu, XU Qing, MENG Fanyu, SUN Xiaoyun, ZHAO Qiduo, Zhang Wenxiang, YUAN Xiaoling(
)
Received:2025-10-29
Online:2026-03-10
Published:2025-12-24
Contact:
YUAN Xiaoling
E-mail:yuanxl@jlu.edu.cn
CLC Number:
TrendMD:
ZHAO Wenyu, XU Qing, MENG Fanyu, SUN Xiaoyun, ZHAO Qiduo, Zhang Wenxiang, YUAN Xiaoling. Constructing Biomass-based Hierarchical Porous Carbon Materials Applied for Adsorption Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solution[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2026, 47(3): 20250318.
| Sample | Content and compositions of oxygen element(%, atomic ratio) | Textual property | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O | C=O | C—O | COOH/COOR | SBET/(m2·g-1) | VT/(m3·g-1) | Davg/nm | ||
| ZBC0 | 8.6 | 18.9 | 68.5 | 12.6 | 712.1 | 0.24 | 4.1 | |
| ZBC1 | 5.7 | 20.1 | 46.4 | 33.5 | 1022.7 | 0.47 | 2.2 | |
| ZBC2 | 9.0 | 34.4 | 47.6 | 18.0 | 1165.6 | 0.55 | 2.1 | |
| ZBC3 | 8.1 | 32.9 | 54.2 | 12.9 | 1667.5 | 0.90 | 2.1 | |
| ZBC4 | 7.0 | 41.7 | 45.5 | 12.8 | 1445.1 | 0.76 | 2.2 | |
Table 1 Chemical composition and textural property of the ZBC materials*
| Sample | Content and compositions of oxygen element(%, atomic ratio) | Textual property | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O | C=O | C—O | COOH/COOR | SBET/(m2·g-1) | VT/(m3·g-1) | Davg/nm | ||
| ZBC0 | 8.6 | 18.9 | 68.5 | 12.6 | 712.1 | 0.24 | 4.1 | |
| ZBC1 | 5.7 | 20.1 | 46.4 | 33.5 | 1022.7 | 0.47 | 2.2 | |
| ZBC2 | 9.0 | 34.4 | 47.6 | 18.0 | 1165.6 | 0.55 | 2.1 | |
| ZBC3 | 8.1 | 32.9 | 54.2 | 12.9 | 1667.5 | 0.90 | 2.1 | |
| ZBC4 | 7.0 | 41.7 | 45.5 | 12.8 | 1445.1 | 0.76 | 2.2 | |
| Material | Pseudo⁃first⁃order | Pesudo⁃second⁃order | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qe/(mg·g-1) | K1/min-1 | R2 | Qe/(mg·g-1) | K2/(g·mg-1·min-1) | R2 | ||
| ZBC0 | 124.1 | 0.2738 | 0.9609 | 127.6 | 0.0043 | 0.9913 | |
| ZBC2 | 164.1 | 0.2084 | 0.9575 | 169.6 | 0.0023 | 0.9937 | |
Table 2 Adsorption kinetic parameters of phenol on ZBC0 and ZBC2 materials determined by Pseudo-first-order and Pseudo-second-order models
| Material | Pseudo⁃first⁃order | Pesudo⁃second⁃order | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qe/(mg·g-1) | K1/min-1 | R2 | Qe/(mg·g-1) | K2/(g·mg-1·min-1) | R2 | ||
| ZBC0 | 124.1 | 0.2738 | 0.9609 | 127.6 | 0.0043 | 0.9913 | |
| ZBC2 | 164.1 | 0.2084 | 0.9575 | 169.6 | 0.0023 | 0.9937 | |
| Langmuir | Freundlich | Temkin | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qe/(mg·g-1) | KL/(L·g-1) | R2 | KF/[mg·g-1·(L·mg-1)1/n ] | 1/n | R2 | bT/(kJ·mol-1) | AT/(L·g-1) | R2 |
| 191.2 | 0.13 | 0.9936 | 67.36 | 0.23 | 0.9775 | 0.073 | 2.85 | 0.9928 |
Table 3 Adsorption parameters of phenol on ZBC2 material
| Langmuir | Freundlich | Temkin | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qe/(mg·g-1) | KL/(L·g-1) | R2 | KF/[mg·g-1·(L·mg-1)1/n ] | 1/n | R2 | bT/(kJ·mol-1) | AT/(L·g-1) | R2 |
| 191.2 | 0.13 | 0.9936 | 67.36 | 0.23 | 0.9775 | 0.073 | 2.85 | 0.9928 |
| Precursor | Activating agent | Qmax/(mg·g-1) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kenaf | — | 41.5 | [ |
| Eggshells | H2SO4 | 5.1 | [ |
| Date palm branch | H3PO4 | 142.9 | [ |
| Brazil nut shells | KOH | 99 | [ |
| Rice straw | KOH | 107.5 | [ |
| Corn stalk | ZnCl2 | 191.2 | This study |
Table 4 Maximum adsorption capacities of phenol onto carbon different adsorbents
| Precursor | Activating agent | Qmax/(mg·g-1) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kenaf | — | 41.5 | [ |
| Eggshells | H2SO4 | 5.1 | [ |
| Date palm branch | H3PO4 | 142.9 | [ |
| Brazil nut shells | KOH | 99 | [ |
| Rice straw | KOH | 107.5 | [ |
| Corn stalk | ZnCl2 | 191.2 | This study |
| R2 | ΔH 0- /(kJ·mol-1) | ΔS 0- /(J·mol-1·K-1) | ΔG 0- /(kJ·mol-1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 298 K | 303 K | 308 K | 313 K | 319 K | |||
| 0.9875 | 11.46 | 49.40 | -3.30 | -3.47 | -3.76 | -4.04 | -4.24 |
Table 5 Thermodynamic parameters of phenol adsorption by ZBC2
| R2 | ΔH 0- /(kJ·mol-1) | ΔS 0- /(J·mol-1·K-1) | ΔG 0- /(kJ·mol-1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 298 K | 303 K | 308 K | 313 K | 319 K | |||
| 0.9875 | 11.46 | 49.40 | -3.30 | -3.47 | -3.76 | -4.04 | -4.24 |
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