Chem. J. Chinese Universities ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 20240036.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20240036
• Physical Chemistry • Previous Articles
NIE Jianhang1, WANG Tianqi1, JIN Li1, ZHANG Jianpo1(), ZHANG Hongxing2, BAI Fuquan2
Received:
2024-01-22
Online:
2024-04-10
Published:
2024-03-05
Contact:
ZHANG Jianpo
E-mail:zhangjp725@126.com
Supported by:
CLC Number:
TrendMD:
NIE Jianhang, WANG Tianqi, JIN Li, ZHANG Jianpo, ZHANG Hongxing, BAI Fuquan. Theoretical Study of Structure, Spectra and Quantum Efficiency for a Series of Iridium(III) Complexes with the Cyclometalating Ligand[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2024, 45(4): 20240036.
Species | B3LYP | CAM⁃B3LYP | M062X | Expt.[ | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cal | δ | Cal | δ | Cal | δ | ||
d(Ir—C1)/nm | 0.2046 | 1.7 | 0.2039 | 1.4 | 0.2016 | 0.2 | 0.2011 |
d(Ir—C2)/nm | 0.2047 | 1.8 | 0.2039 | 1.4 | 0.2015 | 0.2 | 0.2010 |
d(Ir—N1)/nm | 0.2136 | 2.9 | 0.2164 | 4.3 | 0.2196 | 5.9 | 0.2074 |
d(Ir—N2)/nm | 0.2091 | 0.1 | 0.2123 | 1.4 | 0.2160 | 3.2 | 0.2093 |
d(Ir—N4)/nm | 0.2043 | 1.6 | 0.2033 | 1.1 | 0.2037 | 1.3 | 0.2010 |
∠N3—Ir—C2/(°) | 79.0 | 1.8 | 79.1 | 1.9 | 79.6 | 2.6 | 77.6 |
∠N1—Ir—N2/(°) | 75.6 | 1.7 | 75.2 | 2.2 | 74.9 | 2.6 | 76.9 |
Table 1 Structure parameters of complex 1 in the ground state by different functionals, the percent error( δ ) and experimental data
Species | B3LYP | CAM⁃B3LYP | M062X | Expt.[ | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cal | δ | Cal | δ | Cal | δ | ||
d(Ir—C1)/nm | 0.2046 | 1.7 | 0.2039 | 1.4 | 0.2016 | 0.2 | 0.2011 |
d(Ir—C2)/nm | 0.2047 | 1.8 | 0.2039 | 1.4 | 0.2015 | 0.2 | 0.2010 |
d(Ir—N1)/nm | 0.2136 | 2.9 | 0.2164 | 4.3 | 0.2196 | 5.9 | 0.2074 |
d(Ir—N2)/nm | 0.2091 | 0.1 | 0.2123 | 1.4 | 0.2160 | 3.2 | 0.2093 |
d(Ir—N4)/nm | 0.2043 | 1.6 | 0.2033 | 1.1 | 0.2037 | 1.3 | 0.2010 |
∠N3—Ir—C2/(°) | 79.0 | 1.8 | 79.1 | 1.9 | 79.6 | 2.6 | 77.6 |
∠N1—Ir—N2/(°) | 75.6 | 1.7 | 75.2 | 2.2 | 74.9 | 2.6 | 76.9 |
Species | B3LYP | CAM⁃B3LYP | M062X | CIS | Expt. [ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Absorption/nm | 408 | 306 | 301 | — | 384 |
Emission/nm | 571 | 412 | 518 | 503 | 486 |
Table 2 Calculated lowest absorption and emission wavelengths of complex 1 in CH3CN media by different method
Species | B3LYP | CAM⁃B3LYP | M062X | CIS | Expt. [ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Absorption/nm | 408 | 306 | 301 | — | 384 |
Emission/nm | 571 | 412 | 518 | 503 | 486 |
Species | 1 | Expt.[ | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S0 | T1 | S0 | T1 | S0 | T1 | S0 | T1 | ||
d(Ir—C1)/nm | 0.2047 | 0.2045 | 0.2011 | 0.2045 | 0.2026 | 0.2044 | 0.2041 | 0.2091 | 0.2088 |
d(Ir—C2)/nm | 0.2048 | 0.2026 | 0.2010 | 0.2048 | 0.2047 | 0.2045 | 0.2040 | 0.2100 | 0.2094 |
d(Ir—C3)/nm | 0.2127 | 0.2172 | |||||||
d(Ir—C4)/nm | 0.2123 | 0.2160 | |||||||
d(Ir—N1)/nm | 0.2136 | 0.2003 | 0.2074 | 0.2184 | 0.2121 | 0.2198 | 0.2103 | ||
d(Ir—N2)/nm | 0.2091 | 0.2052 | 0.2093 | 0.2141 | 0.2135 | 0.2155 | 0.2151 | ||
d(Ir—N3)/nm | 0.2041 | 0.2209 | 0.1973 | 0.2043 | 0.2081 | 0.2073 | 0.2092 | 0.2051 | 0.2071 |
d(Ir—N4)/nm | 0.2043 | 0.2160 | 0.2010 | 0.2042 | 0.2054 | 0.2076 | 0.2079 | 0.2.060 | 0.2082 |
∠N3—Ir—C2)/(°) | 79.0 | 80.6 | 77.6 | 79.0 | 80.7 | 79.6 | 79.7 | 78.1 | 77.7 |
∠N4—Ir—C1)/(°) | 79.0 | 79.0 | 81.5 | 79.0 | 79.0 | 79.6 | 79.7 | 77.9 | 77.6 |
∠N1—Ir—N2)/(°) | 75.6 | 75.1 | 76.9 | 75.4 | 74.9 | 75.0 | 76.8 | ||
∠C3—Ir—C4)/(°) | 84.4 | 84.1 | |||||||
∠C1—Ir—C2—N3/(°) | 95.5 | 95.0 | 94.8 | 94.8 | 94.6 | 95.7 | 93.9 | 94.7 | |
∠N4—Ir—N1—N2/(°) | 95.0 | 94.8 | 94.8 | 94.5 | 98.8 | 99.8 | |||
∠C1—Ir—C3—C4/(°) | 97.8 | 97.8 |
Table 3 Main optimized geometry structural parameters of complexes 1—4 in the S0 and T1 states by B3LYP and CIS methods, respectively
Species | 1 | Expt.[ | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S0 | T1 | S0 | T1 | S0 | T1 | S0 | T1 | ||
d(Ir—C1)/nm | 0.2047 | 0.2045 | 0.2011 | 0.2045 | 0.2026 | 0.2044 | 0.2041 | 0.2091 | 0.2088 |
d(Ir—C2)/nm | 0.2048 | 0.2026 | 0.2010 | 0.2048 | 0.2047 | 0.2045 | 0.2040 | 0.2100 | 0.2094 |
d(Ir—C3)/nm | 0.2127 | 0.2172 | |||||||
d(Ir—C4)/nm | 0.2123 | 0.2160 | |||||||
d(Ir—N1)/nm | 0.2136 | 0.2003 | 0.2074 | 0.2184 | 0.2121 | 0.2198 | 0.2103 | ||
d(Ir—N2)/nm | 0.2091 | 0.2052 | 0.2093 | 0.2141 | 0.2135 | 0.2155 | 0.2151 | ||
d(Ir—N3)/nm | 0.2041 | 0.2209 | 0.1973 | 0.2043 | 0.2081 | 0.2073 | 0.2092 | 0.2051 | 0.2071 |
d(Ir—N4)/nm | 0.2043 | 0.2160 | 0.2010 | 0.2042 | 0.2054 | 0.2076 | 0.2079 | 0.2.060 | 0.2082 |
∠N3—Ir—C2)/(°) | 79.0 | 80.6 | 77.6 | 79.0 | 80.7 | 79.6 | 79.7 | 78.1 | 77.7 |
∠N4—Ir—C1)/(°) | 79.0 | 79.0 | 81.5 | 79.0 | 79.0 | 79.6 | 79.7 | 77.9 | 77.6 |
∠N1—Ir—N2)/(°) | 75.6 | 75.1 | 76.9 | 75.4 | 74.9 | 75.0 | 76.8 | ||
∠C3—Ir—C4)/(°) | 84.4 | 84.1 | |||||||
∠C1—Ir—C2—N3/(°) | 95.5 | 95.0 | 94.8 | 94.8 | 94.6 | 95.7 | 93.9 | 94.7 | |
∠N4—Ir—N1—N2/(°) | 95.0 | 94.8 | 94.8 | 94.5 | 98.8 | 99.8 | |||
∠C1—Ir—C3—C4/(°) | 97.8 | 97.8 |
Complex | Transition | Config(CIcoeff) | λmin/nm(Em/eV) | Oscillator | Assignment | Expt. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | X1A→A1A | 201→202(0.70) | 408(3.04) | 0.0008 | MLCT/LLCT | 384[ |
X1A→B1A | 201→203(0.66) | 365(3.40) | 0.1835 | MLCT/LLCT | 359[ | |
X1A→C1A | 200→204(0.54) | 315(3.94) | 0.1387 | MLCT/ILCT | ||
X1A→D1A | 196→202(0.47) | 285(4.35) | 0.2437 | LLCT | ||
2 | X1A→A1A | 213→214(0.70) | 376(3.31) | 0.0272 | MLCT/LLCT | 388[ |
X1A→B1A | 213→215(0.67) | 367(3.38) | 0.1560 | MLCT/ILCT | 363[ | |
X1A→C1A | 210→216(0.38) | 288(4.30) | 0.4026 | MLCT/LLCT | ||
X1A→D1A | 206→214(0.54) | 249(4.99) | 0.5938 | LLCT | ||
3 | X1A→A1A | 149→150(0.70) | 382(3.24) | 0.0007 | MLCT/LLCT | 380[ |
X1A→B1A | 148→150(0.58) | 345(3.59) | 0.0761 | MLCT/LLCT | 355[ | |
X1A→C1A | 148→153(0.55) | 278(4.45) | 0.1812 | MLCT/LLCT | ||
X1A→D1A | 142→150(0.55) | 251(4.93) | 0.1385 | LLCT | ||
4 | X1A→A1A | 210→211(0.68) | 365(3.40) | 0.1507 | MLCT/ILCT | 355[ |
X1A→B1A | 209→212(0.49) | 320(3.87) | 0.1661 | MLCT/ILCT | ||
X1A→C1A | 206→211(0.59) | 280(4.44) | 0.1882 | MLCT/LLCT | ||
X1A→D1A | 203→211(0.44) | 258(4.81) | 0.1342 | LLCT |
Table 4 Calculated absorptions of complexes 1—4 in CH3CN media by B3LYP and CIS methods and experimental values
Complex | Transition | Config(CIcoeff) | λmin/nm(Em/eV) | Oscillator | Assignment | Expt. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | X1A→A1A | 201→202(0.70) | 408(3.04) | 0.0008 | MLCT/LLCT | 384[ |
X1A→B1A | 201→203(0.66) | 365(3.40) | 0.1835 | MLCT/LLCT | 359[ | |
X1A→C1A | 200→204(0.54) | 315(3.94) | 0.1387 | MLCT/ILCT | ||
X1A→D1A | 196→202(0.47) | 285(4.35) | 0.2437 | LLCT | ||
2 | X1A→A1A | 213→214(0.70) | 376(3.31) | 0.0272 | MLCT/LLCT | 388[ |
X1A→B1A | 213→215(0.67) | 367(3.38) | 0.1560 | MLCT/ILCT | 363[ | |
X1A→C1A | 210→216(0.38) | 288(4.30) | 0.4026 | MLCT/LLCT | ||
X1A→D1A | 206→214(0.54) | 249(4.99) | 0.5938 | LLCT | ||
3 | X1A→A1A | 149→150(0.70) | 382(3.24) | 0.0007 | MLCT/LLCT | 380[ |
X1A→B1A | 148→150(0.58) | 345(3.59) | 0.0761 | MLCT/LLCT | 355[ | |
X1A→C1A | 148→153(0.55) | 278(4.45) | 0.1812 | MLCT/LLCT | ||
X1A→D1A | 142→150(0.55) | 251(4.93) | 0.1385 | LLCT | ||
4 | X1A→A1A | 210→211(0.68) | 365(3.40) | 0.1507 | MLCT/ILCT | 355[ |
X1A→B1A | 209→212(0.49) | 320(3.87) | 0.1661 | MLCT/ILCT | ||
X1A→C1A | 206→211(0.59) | 280(4.44) | 0.1882 | MLCT/LLCT | ||
X1A→D1A | 203→211(0.44) | 258(4.81) | 0.1342 | LLCT |
Complex | Orbital | Energy/eV | Composition(%) | Main bond type | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ir | C^N | A^A | ||||
1 | 204 | -3.390 | 1.7 | 93.9 | 4.4 | π*(ptaz) |
203 | -3.597 | 1.1 | 2.8 | 96.1 | π*(pzpy) | |
202(L) | -4.080 | 3.9 | 2.5 | 93.6 | π*(pzpy) | |
201(H) | -7.516 | 42.0 | 54.3 | 3.6 | d(Ir)+π(ptaz) | |
200 | -7.777 | 28.6 | 67.3 | 4.2 | d(Ir)+π(ptaz) | |
196 | -8.619 | 4.1 | 51.5 | 44.4 | π(ptaz)+π(pzpy) | |
2 | 216 | -3.180 | 1.6 | 97.4 | 0.9 | π*(ptaz) |
215 | -3.288 | 1.4 | 95.4 | 3.2 | π*(ptaz) | |
214(L) | -3.625 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 95.1 | π*(npzpy) | |
213(H) | -7.279 | 44.1 | 52.2 | 3.7 | d(Ir)+π(ptaz) | |
210 | -8.083 | 19.4 | 53.0 | 27.6 | d(Ir)+π(ptaz)+π(npzpy) | |
206 | -8.754 | 0.8 | 98.4 | 0.8 | π(ptaz) | |
3 | 153 | -3.339 | 3.2 | 88.5 | 8.3 | π*(mhtz) |
150(L) | -4.296 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 94.9 | π*(npzpy) | |
149(H) | -7.762 | 43.4 | 48.9 | 7.7 | d(Ir)+π(mhtz) | |
148 | -8.149 | 46.7 | 23.3 | 30.1 | d(Ir)+π(mhtz)+π(npzpy) | |
142 | -9.743 | 9.9 | 43.1 | 47.0 | π(mhtz)+π(npzpy) | |
4 | 212 | -3.220 | 1.2 | 97.7 | 1.1 | π*(ptaz) |
211(L) | -3.309 | 0.9 | 97.0 | 2.1 | π*(ptaz) | |
210(H) | -7.379 | 43.7 | 46.7 | 9.6 | d(Ir)+π(ptaz) | |
209 | -7.677 | 28.8 | 66.4 | 4.8 | d(Ir)+π(ptaz) | |
206 | -8.340 | 21.1 | 53.3 | 25.6 | d(Ir)+π(ptaz)+π(bicb) | |
203 | -8.862 | 3.9 | 78.7 | 17.3 | π(ptaz)+π(bicb) |
Table 5 Molecular orbital compositions in the ground state for complexes 1—4 at DFT/B3LYP level
Complex | Orbital | Energy/eV | Composition(%) | Main bond type | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ir | C^N | A^A | ||||
1 | 204 | -3.390 | 1.7 | 93.9 | 4.4 | π*(ptaz) |
203 | -3.597 | 1.1 | 2.8 | 96.1 | π*(pzpy) | |
202(L) | -4.080 | 3.9 | 2.5 | 93.6 | π*(pzpy) | |
201(H) | -7.516 | 42.0 | 54.3 | 3.6 | d(Ir)+π(ptaz) | |
200 | -7.777 | 28.6 | 67.3 | 4.2 | d(Ir)+π(ptaz) | |
196 | -8.619 | 4.1 | 51.5 | 44.4 | π(ptaz)+π(pzpy) | |
2 | 216 | -3.180 | 1.6 | 97.4 | 0.9 | π*(ptaz) |
215 | -3.288 | 1.4 | 95.4 | 3.2 | π*(ptaz) | |
214(L) | -3.625 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 95.1 | π*(npzpy) | |
213(H) | -7.279 | 44.1 | 52.2 | 3.7 | d(Ir)+π(ptaz) | |
210 | -8.083 | 19.4 | 53.0 | 27.6 | d(Ir)+π(ptaz)+π(npzpy) | |
206 | -8.754 | 0.8 | 98.4 | 0.8 | π(ptaz) | |
3 | 153 | -3.339 | 3.2 | 88.5 | 8.3 | π*(mhtz) |
150(L) | -4.296 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 94.9 | π*(npzpy) | |
149(H) | -7.762 | 43.4 | 48.9 | 7.7 | d(Ir)+π(mhtz) | |
148 | -8.149 | 46.7 | 23.3 | 30.1 | d(Ir)+π(mhtz)+π(npzpy) | |
142 | -9.743 | 9.9 | 43.1 | 47.0 | π(mhtz)+π(npzpy) | |
4 | 212 | -3.220 | 1.2 | 97.7 | 1.1 | π*(ptaz) |
211(L) | -3.309 | 0.9 | 97.0 | 2.1 | π*(ptaz) | |
210(H) | -7.379 | 43.7 | 46.7 | 9.6 | d(Ir)+π(ptaz) | |
209 | -7.677 | 28.8 | 66.4 | 4.8 | d(Ir)+π(ptaz) | |
206 | -8.340 | 21.1 | 53.3 | 25.6 | d(Ir)+π(ptaz)+π(bicb) | |
203 | -8.862 | 3.9 | 78.7 | 17.3 | π(ptaz)+π(bicb) |
Complex | λmax/nm(Emax/eV) | Configuration | Assignments | Expt. |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 503(2.46) | 202→201(0.45) | 3MLCT/3LLCT | 486[ |
2 | 506(2.45) | 214→213(0.43) | 3MLCT/3LLCT | 489[ |
3 | 468(2.65) | 150→149(0.49) | 3MLCT/3LLCT | 488[ |
4 | 511(2.43) | 211→210(0.45) | 3MLCT/3ILCT | 487[ |
Table 6 Phosphorescence spectra of complexes 1—4 in CH3CN at CIS level and experimental values
Complex | λmax/nm(Emax/eV) | Configuration | Assignments | Expt. |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 503(2.46) | 202→201(0.45) | 3MLCT/3LLCT | 486[ |
2 | 506(2.45) | 214→213(0.43) | 3MLCT/3LLCT | 489[ |
3 | 468(2.65) | 150→149(0.49) | 3MLCT/3LLCT | 488[ |
4 | 511(2.43) | 211→210(0.45) | 3MLCT/3ILCT | 487[ |
Complex | 10-5kr/s-1 | 10-5knr/s-1 | 〈T1|HSOC|S0〉/cm‒1 | Ereor./cm‒1 | Φ | Φp,theory | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exp.[ | Theory | Exp.[ | Theory | |||||
1 | 1.0 | 1.15 | 49 | 31.6 | 325 | 2583 | 0.02 | 0.035 |
2 | 1.1 | 1.92 | 7.3 | 7.17 | 299 | 1232 | 0.13 | 0.211 |
3 | — | 0.47 | — | 2310 | 276 | 4569 | — | 0.000203 |
4 | 0.7 | 0.60 | 1.1 | 0.81 | 263 | 975 | 0.37 | 0.426 |
Table 7 Experimental and calculated radiative decay constants kr, nonradiative decay constants knr, 〈T1|Hsoc|S0〉 coupling, the reorganization energy, and the internal quantum efficiency values of complexes 1—4
Complex | 10-5kr/s-1 | 10-5knr/s-1 | 〈T1|HSOC|S0〉/cm‒1 | Ereor./cm‒1 | Φ | Φp,theory | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exp.[ | Theory | Exp.[ | Theory | |||||
1 | 1.0 | 1.15 | 49 | 31.6 | 325 | 2583 | 0.02 | 0.035 |
2 | 1.1 | 1.92 | 7.3 | 7.17 | 299 | 1232 | 0.13 | 0.211 |
3 | — | 0.47 | — | 2310 | 276 | 4569 | — | 0.000203 |
4 | 0.7 | 0.60 | 1.1 | 0.81 | 263 | 975 | 0.37 | 0.426 |
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