Chem. J. Chinese Universities ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 20230372.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20230372
• Physical Chemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles
PAN Jiazheng1, SUN Xiaoqi1, REN Aimin2, GUO Jingfu1()
Received:
2023-08-17
Online:
2023-12-10
Published:
2023-10-08
Contact:
GUO Jingfu
E-mail:guojf217@nenu.edu.cn
Supported by:
CLC Number:
TrendMD:
PAN Jiazheng, SUN Xiaoqi, REN Aimin, GUO Jingfu. Theoretical Study of the Charge Transport Properties of Naphthalene Tetracarboxylic Diimide Organic Semiconductors Based on Different π-Core Extensions[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2023, 44(12): 20230372.
Molecule | Gas(QM⁃Model) | Solid(QM/MM⁃Model) | X⁃ray | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
α1/(°) | α2/(°) | α1/(°) | α2/(°) | α1/(°) | α2/(°) | |
A1 | -0.79 | 0.92 | 2.14 | 2.31 | 2.14 | 2.32 |
A2 | 13.52 | 16.62 | 14.70 | 17.25 | 13.58 | 19.29 |
A3 | 0.79 | -0.82 | 2.44 | 2.89 | 2.44 | 2.90 |
A3** | 0.77 | -0.83 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.21 |
A4 | 0.82 | -0.82 | 1.62 | -1.80 | 1.63 | -1.81 |
Table 1 Dihedral angles( α ) between the acyl group and the central benzene ring of the series of molecules*
Molecule | Gas(QM⁃Model) | Solid(QM/MM⁃Model) | X⁃ray | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
α1/(°) | α2/(°) | α1/(°) | α2/(°) | α1/(°) | α2/(°) | |
A1 | -0.79 | 0.92 | 2.14 | 2.31 | 2.14 | 2.32 |
A2 | 13.52 | 16.62 | 14.70 | 17.25 | 13.58 | 19.29 |
A3 | 0.79 | -0.82 | 2.44 | 2.89 | 2.44 | 2.90 |
A3** | 0.77 | -0.83 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.21 |
A4 | 0.82 | -0.82 | 1.62 | -1.80 | 1.63 | -1.81 |
Molecule | EHOMO/eV | ELUMO/eV | Eg/eV | EHOMO(exp)/eV | ELUMO(exp)/eV | EA(a)/eV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | -7.31 | -3.71 | 3.60 | — | -3.89 | 2.22 |
A2 | -6.13 | -4.04 | 2.09 | — | -4.13 | 2.54 |
A3 | -6.69 | -3.65 | 3.04 | -6.43 | -3.69 | 2.11 |
A3** | -6.34 | -3.27 | 3.07 | — | — | 1.77 |
A4 | -6.30 | -3.81 | 2.49 | — | — | 2.33 |
Naphthalene | — | -1.34 | — | — | — | — |
Tetracene | — | -2.40 | — | — | — | — |
Pyrene | — | -1.76 | — | — | — | — |
Perylene | — | -2.19 | — | — | — | — |
Table 2 Calculated electronic structures for the NDI derivatives and reference molecule at the level of B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)
Molecule | EHOMO/eV | ELUMO/eV | Eg/eV | EHOMO(exp)/eV | ELUMO(exp)/eV | EA(a)/eV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | -7.31 | -3.71 | 3.60 | — | -3.89 | 2.22 |
A2 | -6.13 | -4.04 | 2.09 | — | -4.13 | 2.54 |
A3 | -6.69 | -3.65 | 3.04 | -6.43 | -3.69 | 2.11 |
A3** | -6.34 | -3.27 | 3.07 | — | — | 1.77 |
A4 | -6.30 | -3.81 | 2.49 | — | — | 2.33 |
Naphthalene | — | -1.34 | — | — | — | — |
Tetracene | — | -2.40 | — | — | — | — |
Pyrene | — | -1.76 | — | — | — | — |
Perylene | — | -2.19 | — | — | — | — |
Molecule | λAP/eV | λNM/eV | λlow/eV | λhigh/eV |
---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | 346.4 | 353.5 | 78.5 | 267.9 |
A2 | 274.6 | 274.8 | 90.8 | 183.8 |
A3 | 289.2 | 289.9 | 61.6 | 227.6 |
A3** | 248.2 | 248.6 | 66.1 | 182.1 |
A4 | 268.9 | 269.1 | 50.6 | 218.3 |
Table 3 Calculated total intramolecular electronic reorganization energies( λAP/ λNM), and distribution in the high and low frequency regions( λlow/ λhigh) with QM/MM model for studied NDI derivatives
Molecule | λAP/eV | λNM/eV | λlow/eV | λhigh/eV |
---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | 346.4 | 353.5 | 78.5 | 267.9 |
A2 | 274.6 | 274.8 | 90.8 | 183.8 |
A3 | 289.2 | 289.9 | 61.6 | 227.6 |
A3** | 248.2 | 248.6 | 66.1 | 182.1 |
A4 | 268.9 | 269.1 | 50.6 | 218.3 |
Path | A1 | A2 | A3 | A3** | A4 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
d/nm | Ve/meV | Vh/meV | d/nm | Ve/meV | Vh/meV | d/nm | Ve/meV | Vh/meV | d/nm | Ve/meV | Vh/meV | d/nm | Ve/meV | Vh/meV | |
1 | 4.823 | 65.6 | 30.7 | 5.037 | 91.8 | 58.7 | 4.792 | 65.1 | 63.0 | 4.795 | 26.2 | 7.3 | 4.730 | 33.0 | 113.2 |
2 | 8.304 | 28.4 | 8.3 | 10.034 | 5.3 | 4.2 | 9.034 | 10.3 | 36.8 | 8.164 | 8.7 | 36.1 | 9.272 | 41.3 | 2.8 |
3 | 9.383 | 24.3 | 1.1 | 11.314 | 4.6 | 6.3 | 9.710 | 6.5 | 5.8 | 10.458 | 10.9 | 1.9 | 11.997 | 10.5 | 0.3 |
Table 4 Electron/hole transfer integrals(Ve /Vh) for the studied molecules, and the centre-of-mass distances(d) between neighbouring dimers
Path | A1 | A2 | A3 | A3** | A4 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
d/nm | Ve/meV | Vh/meV | d/nm | Ve/meV | Vh/meV | d/nm | Ve/meV | Vh/meV | d/nm | Ve/meV | Vh/meV | d/nm | Ve/meV | Vh/meV | |
1 | 4.823 | 65.6 | 30.7 | 5.037 | 91.8 | 58.7 | 4.792 | 65.1 | 63.0 | 4.795 | 26.2 | 7.3 | 4.730 | 33.0 | 113.2 |
2 | 8.304 | 28.4 | 8.3 | 10.034 | 5.3 | 4.2 | 9.034 | 10.3 | 36.8 | 8.164 | 8.7 | 36.1 | 9.272 | 41.3 | 2.8 |
3 | 9.383 | 24.3 | 1.1 | 11.314 | 4.6 | 6.3 | 9.710 | 6.5 | 5.8 | 10.458 | 10.9 | 1.9 | 11.997 | 10.5 | 0.3 |
Molecule | Eelec/(kJ·mol-1) | Eind/(kJ·mol-1) | Edisp/(kJ·mol-1) | Eexch/(kJ·mol-1) | Eattraction/Erepulsion | ESCS-SAPT0/(kJ·mol-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | -46.94(16.55%) | -13.35(4.70%) | -132.22(46.60%) | 91.17(32.15%) | 2.11 | -101.30 |
A2 | -81.13(16.63%) | -20.21(4.15%) | -224.56(46.04%) | 161.80(33.18%) | 2.01 | -164.10 |
A3 | -59.29(15.34%) | -15.94(4.12%) | -184.68(47.80%) | 126.40(32.71%) | 2.05 | -133.51 |
A3** | -45.48(12.51%) | -12.68(3.48%) | -193.93(53.29%) | 111.76(30.71%) | 2.26 | -140.33 |
A4 | -60.38(12.32%) | -16.74(3.42%) | -251.84(51.40%) | 161.04(32.86%) | 2.04 | -167.91 |
Table 5 Calculated intermolecular interaction energy of the nearest dimer for molecules A1—A4 and its corresponding energy decompositions by SAPT0
Molecule | Eelec/(kJ·mol-1) | Eind/(kJ·mol-1) | Edisp/(kJ·mol-1) | Eexch/(kJ·mol-1) | Eattraction/Erepulsion | ESCS-SAPT0/(kJ·mol-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | -46.94(16.55%) | -13.35(4.70%) | -132.22(46.60%) | 91.17(32.15%) | 2.11 | -101.30 |
A2 | -81.13(16.63%) | -20.21(4.15%) | -224.56(46.04%) | 161.80(33.18%) | 2.01 | -164.10 |
A3 | -59.29(15.34%) | -15.94(4.12%) | -184.68(47.80%) | 126.40(32.71%) | 2.05 | -133.51 |
A3** | -45.48(12.51%) | -12.68(3.48%) | -193.93(53.29%) | 111.76(30.71%) | 2.26 | -140.33 |
A4 | -60.38(12.32%) | -16.74(3.42%) | -251.84(51.40%) | 161.04(32.86%) | 2.04 | -167.91 |
Molecule | μ1Dmax/(cm2·V‒1·s‒1) | μ2D/(cm2·V‒1·s‒1) | μexp/(cm2·V‒1·s‒1) |
---|---|---|---|
A1 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.70[ |
A2 | 0.96 | 0.02 | 0.03[ |
A3 | 0.32 | 0.06 | — |
A3** | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.51[ |
A4 | 0.71 | 0.15 | — |
Table 6 Simulated electron mobilities of all compounds investigated and available experimental values*
Molecule | μ1Dmax/(cm2·V‒1·s‒1) | μ2D/(cm2·V‒1·s‒1) | μexp/(cm2·V‒1·s‒1) |
---|---|---|---|
A1 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.70[ |
A2 | 0.96 | 0.02 | 0.03[ |
A3 | 0.32 | 0.06 | — |
A3** | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.51[ |
A4 | 0.71 | 0.15 | — |
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