Cutting Process and Mechanism of Graphene Oxide Sheets in Water by Ultrasonic†

doi:10.7503/cjcu20160557

Abstract

Abstract:

Graphene oxide(GO) sheets were cut into smaller pieces in water by ultrasonic. The effects of treatment time on the GO sheets’ size and GO surface groups were investigated. Moreover, the mechanism of cutting process was discussed. The results indicate that the diameter of GO sheets decreases from 2000 nm to 200 nm with increasing treatment time. The species of GO surface groups do not change after ultrasonic treatment. However, with increasing treatment time, the content of epoxy groups decreases, the content of carboxylate groups changes little, the content of ketone groups firstly decreases and then increases, the content of hydroxyl groups firstly increases and then decreases, and the content of ether oxygen groups increases. The ultrasonic cavitation leads to the break of carbon-carbon bonds, epoxy groups and ketone groups, which fractures the GO sheets. After that, the hydroxyl radical and hydrogen radicals formed from water react with carbon radicals of GO to form new carbon-carbon bonds and ether oxide or hydroxyl groups. The hydroxyl groups convert into ketone groups under long time ultrasonic treatment. The cutting process of GO by ultrasonic can be proceeded under mild conditions without other chemicals, which is a promising technology for cutting two-dimensional materials.

Key words: Ultrasonic cutting, Graphene oxide(GO), Size of sheets, Mechanism of cutting process

CLC Number:

O613.71

TrendMD:

ZENG Zehua, LI Shichun, LIU Yu, XU Jinjiang, ZHOU Yuanlin. Cutting Process and Mechanism of Graphene Oxide Sheets in Water by Ultrasonic^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2017, 38(1): 20.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 AFM images(A—E) and thickness(A'—E') of samples GO-0(A, A'), GO-3(B, B'), GO-5(C, C'), GO-7(D, D') and GO-9(E, E')

Fig.2 Effect of treatment time on average diameter of the GO samples

Fig.3 TEM images of samples GO-0(A), GO-3(B), GO-5(C), GO-7(D) and GO-9(E)

Fig.4 FTIR spectra of samples GO-0(a), GO-3(b), GO-5(c) and GO-7(d) with different treatment time

Table 1 Peak area ratio of oxygen-containing groups to carbon-carbon groups in FTIR spectra

Item	GO-0	GO-3	GO-5	GO-7
A(C=O)/A(C=C)	0.546	0.414	0.344	0.489
A(C—O—C)/A(C=C)	0.015	0.008	0.006	0.004

Fig.5 XPS of samples GO-0(a), GO-3(b), GO-5(c) and GO-7(d) with different treatment time

Fig.6 C1s XPS spectra of samples GO-0(A), GO-3(B), GO-5(C) and GO-7(D) with different treatment time

Table 2 Peak area ratio between carbon-oxygen bonds and carbon-carbon bond in XPS spectra

Item	GO-0	GO-3	GO-5	GO-7
A(C=O)/A(C—C/C=C)	0.18	0.16	0.15	0.20
A(O—C=O)/A(C—C/C=C)	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04
A(C—O—C/C—O)/A(C—C/C=C)	1.29	0.69	0.97	1.05

Fig.7 TGA(A) and DSC(B) curves of samples GO-0(a), GO-3(b), GO-5(c) and GO-7(d) with different treatment time

Table 3 Thermo-gravimetric analysis of GO

Sample	Mass loss(%)
Sample	30—350 ℃		350—800 ℃
GO-0	52.2	34.9
GO-3	48.9	39.1
GO-5	45.1	31.1
GO-7	52.1	31.7

Fig.8 Mechanism of cutting process of GO by ultrasonic treatment

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