高等学校化学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 20240027.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20240027
• 综合评述 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2024-01-17
出版日期:
2024-05-10
发布日期:
2024-03-12
通讯作者:
江德臣
E-mail:dechenjiang@nju.edu.cn
基金资助:
LIU Kang, PAN Rongrong, JIANG Dechen()
Received:
2024-01-17
Online:
2024-05-10
Published:
2024-03-12
Contact:
JIANG Dechen
E-mail:dechenjiang@nju.edu.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
单细胞分析能够更加精准地获取生物学信息, 避免因平均化分析而丢失单细胞异质性特征, 这对于研究阐明细胞代谢和信号通路至关重要. 基于纳米电极的电化学分析技术因其高选择性、 高灵敏度和高时空分辨率的优点而被广泛用于单细胞分析. 本文综合评述了利用纳米电极对单细胞内部生物分子进行定量分析的最新研究进展, 介绍了其在生物学研究中的应用, 并对该领域面临的问题和未来发展进行了总结与展望.
中图分类号:
TrendMD:
刘康, 潘荣容, 江德臣. 基于纳米电极的单细胞内生物分子电化学分析. 高等学校化学学报, 2024, 45(5): 20240027.
LIU Kang, PAN Rongrong, JIANG Dechen. Electrochemical Analysis of Intracellular Molecules at Single Cells Based on Nanoelectrodes. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2024, 45(5): 20240027.
Fig.1 Schematic diagrams of the SECM experiments with single cells(A—D) and an optical micrograph of a typical nanotip used in such experiments(E)[22](A) The tip is positioned in the solution close to the cell surface. Positive feedback is due to bimolecular electron transfer between hydrophobic redox mediator(O/R) and cell-bound redox moieties(O2/R2); (B) the lipid cell membrane is impermeable for a hydrophilic redox mediator. Negative feedback is due to the hindered diffusion of redox species to the tip electrode; (C) nanoelectrode voltammetry inside the cell; (D) positive feedback is produced by mediator regeneration by way of electron transfer at the underlying Au surface.Copyright 2008, National Academy of Science.
Fig.2 Detection of electroactive(A, B) and non⁃electroactive(C, D) molecules in single cell(A) Intracellular detection of ROS/RNS; (B) normalized oxidation voltammograms of H2O2 (red curve, 1 mmol/L, pH≈7.4), ONOO-(purple curve, 1 mmol/L, pH≈10), NO·(green curve, 1 mmol/L of NO· DEA⁃NONoate donor, pH≈7.4), and NO2- (blue curve, 1 mmol/L, pH≈7.4). Voltammograms were recorded at different platinized tips with a≈100 nm and normalized by their plateau currents. Vertical dashed lines indicate optimal detection potentials for each ROS/RNS species(B)[23]; (C) schematic of the nanokit used for the single⁃cell electrochemical analysis[30]; (D) the schematic liquid⁃phase modified nanopipette for the detection of intracellular molecules in one living cell. The black and silver regions at the inner surface of nanopipette are carbon and Pt layers, respectively[31].(A, B) Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society; (C) Copyright 2016, National Academy of Science; (D) Copyright 2023, Chinese Chemical Society.
Fig.4 Two⁃step electroless plating of SiC@Pt NWs(A) and mounting a SiC@Pt NW at the tip of a nanopipette for intracellular differential measurement of four primary ROS/RNS (ONOO-, H2O2, NO and NO2- ) at four different electrochemical potentials(B)[59]Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society.
Fig.5 Detection of single organelle based on nanoelectrodes(A) Scheme of electrochemical setup for the detection of glucosidase activity in isolated single lysosomes from a single cell. The capillary coated with a Pt layer(dark shading) and an Ag/AgCl wire(light shading) inserted in the capillary is connected with an electrochemical station. Circle: amplified view of capillary tip with a Pt layer at the edge of the inner surface and the outer surface of the capillary to sort one lysosome(labeled in red). The arrow exhibits the flow direction of buffer with the lysosome. Crosssection view is used to illustrate Pt layer at the inner capillary and kit reaction. (Right) Displaying the release of glucosidase after the lysis of lysosome, the generation of hydrogen peroxide from kit reactions and the following electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide at the tip(dark shading). The arrow exhibits the flow direction of previously loaded glucosidase and generated reaction debris outside the capillary[62]; (B) phagolysosome penetration with a 65 nm radius platinized nanotip[63].(A) Copyright 2018, National Academy of Science; (B) Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society.
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