高等学校化学学报

高等学校化学学报

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

微生物燃料电池影响因素及作用机理探讨

詹亚力, 王琴, 张佩佩, 闫光绪, 郭绍辉   

  1. 中国石油大学化学科学与工程学院重质油国家重点实验室, 北京 102249
  • 收稿日期:2007-05-28 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-01-10 发布日期:2008-01-10
  • 通讯作者: 詹亚力

Investigation on Influence Factors and Mechanism of Microbial Fuel Cell

ZHAN Ya-Li*, WANG Qin, ZHANG Pei-Pei, YAN Guang-Xu, GUO Shao-Hui   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Faculty of Chemical Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
  • Received:2007-05-28 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2008-01-10 Published:2008-01-10
  • Contact: ZHAN Ya-Li

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被引次数

49

摘要： 以生活污水为初始接种体, 以醋酸钠水溶液为原料, 构建了一个无媒介体、无膜的单室微生物燃料电池, 考察了溶液的浓度、外电阻、温度和氧气的加入等因素对电池性能的影响, 监测了电池外电压和两极电极电势的变化过程, 分析了微生物燃料电池的运行机理. 研究结果表明: (1) 阳极吸附的微生物的活性是影响电池输出电压(输出功率)的关键因素. 营养液初始浓度越高, 微生物活性越高, 输出最大电压越高, 输出电压与浓度之间的关系符合MONOD方程; 溶液中溶氧的存在使微生物活性明显降低, 但溶氧浓度降低到一定程度后, 活性逐步恢复; 随着电池温度的升高, 微生物活性快速上升, 但温度突变到50 ℃后, 微生物活性明显降低; (2) 电池换水后, 由微生物活性所决定的阳极电势迅速达到平衡, 而阴极电势需要较长的时间才能达到极大值; (3) 随电流密度的变化, 两极电极电势相应发生变化, 其变化趋势符合原电池的基本规律; (4) 随外电阻的变化, 电池输出功率出现极大值, 即当外电阻为200 Ω时, 电池输出功率达到346 mW/m2.

关键词: 微生物燃料电池, MONOD方程, 电极电势, 极化曲线

Abstract: Microbial fuel cell is a equipment in which microbial is used as anodic catalyst and chemical energy is directly changed into electrical energy. In this paper, a mediator- and membrane-less microbial fuel cell was constructed, domestic waste water was used as inoculant and sodium acetate was used as its fuel. The effects of concentration of acetate, outer resistance, temperature and oxygen addition on the cell were investigated, outer voltage and electrode potentials were monitored and microcosmic mechanism was proposed. The results show that the activity of the microbe adsorbed on the electrode is a key factor of the cell voltage, and the more active the microbe, the higher the outer voltage; the activity is affected by the concentration of the solution, temperature and oxygen addition; the voltage increases with the concentration increases and the relationship between outer electrical pressure and concentration is in agreement with Monod equation; the voltage remarkably reduces with the existence of oxygen that restrain the growth of the microbe; the voltage increases and the microbial activity gets enhanced, but when the temperature rapidly rises to 50 ℃, the microbial activity is lost and outer voltage is very low; the cathodic potential is controlled by the H+ concentration; the polarized cell is in agreement to general battery; the output power density is the function of outer resistance, and reach the biggest, 346 mW/m2, when outer resistance is 200 Ω.

Key words: Microbial fuel cell, Monod equation, Electrode potential, Polarization curve

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