Adsorption Behavior of Hydrophilic Luffa Sponges to Heavy Metal Ions in Water System†

doi:10.7503/cjcu20160760

Abstract

Abstract:

A kind of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamidehydrophilic luffa sponges [luffa-g-(PAM-co-PAANa)] was prepared through grafting polymerization, and the grafting percentage reached up to 161.3%. In typical Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ systems, the adsorption behavior of hydrophilic luffa sponges was studied. In a single metal ion system, the adsorption kinetics fits well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The adsorption capacities increase with the grafting percentage and pH value. In particular, the highest adsorption capacities can reach up to 647 mg/g for Cu²⁺ and 887 mg/g for Pb²⁺. Hydrophilic sample can be regenerated through a simple route and reused in eight adsorption-desorption cycles without any significant loss in the adsorption capacity. The adsorption mechanism was discussed. Definitely, this kind of hydrophilic luffa sponges as effective adsorbent, exhibits potential application in the purification of polluted water system.

Key words: Luffa sponge, Grafting polymerization, Metal ion adsorption, Adsorbent

CLC Number:

O636
O647.3

TrendMD:

LIU Zhi, LI Bingrui, PAN Yanxiong, SHI Kai, WANG Weicai, PENG Chao, WANG Zhe, JI Xiangling. Adsorption Behavior of Hydrophilic Luffa Sponges to Heavy Metal Ions in Water System^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2017, 38(4): 669.

Figures/Tables 10

Scheme 1 Possible chemical structure for hydrophilic luffa sponges[luffa-g-(PAM-co- PAANa)]

Fig.1 ATR-IR spectra of pristine(a) and hydrophilic luffa sponge(b)

Fig.2 XPS spectra of pristine and hydrophilic[luffa-g-(PAM-co-PAANa)] luffa sponges(A), XPS spectra of C1s for pristine(B), XPS spectra of C1s(C) and O1s(D) for hydrophilic [luffa-g-(PAM-co-PAANa)] luffa sponge

Fig.3 Adsorption kinetic curves of hydrophilic luffa sponge in Cu2+(a), Pb2+(b) solutions(20 ℃, c0=100 mg/L, pH=5.00)(A), fitted with pseudo-first-order kinetic equation(B) and pseudo-second-order kinetic equation(C)

Fig.4 Adsorption procedure of hydrophilic luffa sponge for Cu2+ ions(20 ℃, c0=100 mg/L, pH=5.00) Time/min: (A) 0; (B) 10; (C) 20; (D) 30; (E) 60; (F) 120.

Fig.5 Saturated adsorption capacity of hydrophilic luffa sponge with different grafting percentage in Cu2+(a) and Pb2+(b) solutions(20 ℃,c0 =100 mg/L, pH=5.04)(A), pH influence on absorption capacities of hydrophilic luffa sponge for Cu2+(a) and Pb2+(b) ions at 20 ℃, c0=100 mg/L(B) and zeta potential of the sponge at different pH values(C)

Fig.6 Adsorption capacities of hydrophilic luffa sponge in Cu2+(a), Pb2+(b) solutions with different concentrations(20 oC, pH=5.00)(A), fitted curves using Langmuir(B) and Freundlich isotherm models(C) and XPS spectra of hydrophilic luffa sponge adsorbed Cu2+ ion(D)

Table 1 Adsorption performance of hydrophilic luffa sponge for heavy metal ions and comparison with values reported in the literature

Adsorbent	Absorbate	Adsorption capacity/ (mmol·g^-1 or mg·g^-1)	Time to reach, q_e /min	pH	Reference
PVF-g-GAA	Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺	3.3—4.0	10	5.5	[27]
Fe₃O₄@PMAA composite microspheres	Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cr³⁺, Cd²⁺	1.0-3.5		5.0	[28]
Watermelon based biosorbent	Cu²⁺	31.25	20	5.0	[29]
Graphene oxide-chitosan composite hydrogels	Cu²⁺	2.0	10	5.0	[30]
Cassava peels	Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺	8.0, 5.8	20, 120	5.0	[31]
Nanocrystallinecellulose	Cu²⁺	0.3—0.5	120	4.0±0.2	[32]
Xylan-rich hemicelluloses-based hydrogel	Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺	4.1	60	3.5—6.5	[33]
Hydrophilic luffa sponge	Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺	647, 887	30, 240	5.0	This work

Fig.7 Variation of adsorption capacities of hydrophilic luffa sponge in Cu2+/Pb2+ mixture(20 oC, pH=5.00) with [Cu2+] concentration([Pb2+]=100 mg/L)(A), [Pb2+] concentration([Cu2+]=100 mg/L)(B) and ionic strength(c0=100 mg/L)(C)

Fig.8 Desorption procedure of hydrophilic luffa sponge for Cu2+(20 oC, c0=100 mg/L, pH=1.00)(A) and adsorption capacities of hydrophilic luffa sponge for Cu2+(a) and Pb2+(b) at different regeneration cycles(20 oC, c0=100 mg/L, pH=5.00 for adsorption and pH=1.00 for desorption)(B)

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