Chem. J. Chinese Universities ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (11): 20240305.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20240305

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Research Progress in Exosome Isolation and Proteomics Analysis

JIN Ying1, ZHANG Junjie1, ZHANG Yixin1, YUAN Yue2, HAN Zhenzhen1()   

  1. 1.School of Basic Medical Sciences,Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230032,China
    2.Department of Pediatric Orthopedics,Anhui Children’s Hospital (Children’s Hospital of Anhui Medical University),Hefei 230051,China
  • Received:2024-06-24 Online:2024-11-10 Published:2024-08-15
  • Contact: HAN Zhenzhen E-mail:hanzhenzhen@ahmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province, China(2023AH050572);the Research Fund of Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine, China(2023zhyx-C02)

Abstract:

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released via the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the cell plasma membrane, containing proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, etc. They transport cargo in the form of extracellular vesicles and participate in various cancer processes such as invasion and metastasis. As emerging targets for liquid biopsy, exosomes play crucial roles in cell communication, signal transduction, and immune response. Mass spectrometry has become an indispensable part of the field of proteomics research, and the proteomic analysis of exosomes is a promising method for discovering potential cancer biomarkers. Recent advances in high‐resolution separations, high‐performance mass spectrometry and comprehensive proteome databases have all contributed to the successful analysis of exosomes from patient samples. Here, this article reviews the isolation methods of exosomes, proteomics analysis techniques, and the application research of proteomics analysis based on exosomes in clinical disease diagnosis. Finally, the challenges faced by exosome isolation and proteomics, as well as the prospects for their clinical applications, are discussed and outlooked.

Key words: Exosome, Proteomics, Mass spectrometry, Biomarker, Disease diagnosis

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