多力响应基团聚合物合成的研究进展

doi:10.7503/cjcu20200310

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多力响应基团聚合物(MMPs)的设计与合成为高灵敏地观察和定量力化学转变及高效利用机械能提供了新机遇, 推动了聚合物力化学的发展. 本文主要介绍了后聚合改性、逐步聚合、开环易位聚合和活性/可控自由基聚合等4种MMPs的合成方法, 分别对这些方法的特点、优势和适用体系进行了论述, 期望为新型机械力响应性聚合物的制备和应用提供新思路.

关键词: 多力响应基团聚合物, 后聚合改性, 逐步聚合, 开环易位聚合, 活性/可控自由基聚合

Abstract:

The design and synthesis of multi-mechanophore polymers(MMPs) have provided great opportunities for observing, quantifying, and exploiting mechanochemical transformations, and thus promoted the development of polymer mechanochemistry. In this contribution, we make an overview of representative synthetic methodologies for MMPs, including post-polymerization modification, step-growth polymerization, ring-opening metathesis polymerization, and living/controlled radical polymerization. The characteristics, advantages and applicable systems of these methods are discussed, respectively. The aim of this review is to open a new avenue towards the synthesis and applications of diverse mechano-responsive polymers and materials.

Key words: Multi-mechanophore polymer, Post-polymerization modification, Step-growth polymerization, Ring-opening metathesis polymerization, Living/controlled radical polymerization

中图分类号:

O631

TrendMD:

邓亚奎, 袁媛, 陈于蓝. 多力响应基团聚合物合成的研究进展. 高等学校化学学报, 2020, 41(9): 1956.

DENG Yakui, YUAN Yuan, CHEN Yulan. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Multi-Mechanophore Polymers. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2020, 41(9): 1956.

图/表 16

Scheme 1 Four synthetic approaches for MMPs

Scheme 2 Synthesis(A) and sonochemical degradation(B) of gDCC?PB copolymers[1]

Scheme 3 Chemical structures of mechanophores DABBF, NP and their activated states incorporated in multicolor mechanochromic polymer/silica composites[60]

Scheme 4 Chemical structures of the UPy modified polyurethane containing mechanochromic mechanophore SP[61]

Scheme 5 Rotaxanes as mechanofluorescent force transducers in polymers[62]

Scheme 6 Chemical structures of different TPEs[65]

Scheme 7 Synthetic scheme of mechanochemiluminescent PUs using different isocyanates [66]

Scheme 8 Improving mechanochemiluminescent sensitivity of 1,2?dioxetane?containing polyurethanes by controlling energy transfer across polymer chains[67]

Scheme 9 Cyclic ferrocenyl monomers via RCM and their polymers via ROMP[26]

Scheme 10 Synthesis of mechanically gated degradable polymers P1 and P2[80]

Scheme 11 Schematic comparison between a conventional degradable polymer and a polymer with locked degradability[81]

Fig.1 Mechanochemical ring?opening olefination of VA?PNBs to produce ROMP?PNB units(A) and NMR spectra of VA?TMS(B1), VA?TES(B2), and VA?Hex(B3) as a function of sonication time[84]Spectra recorded after sonication for t=15(blue), 30(red), 240 min(green) are shown. The 1H NMR spectrum of the authentic ROMP-PNB prepared using the Grubbs second-generation catalyst(black) is overlaid in each plot. Signal intensity of polymer side-chain peaks are aligned as a visual aid.Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH.

Scheme 12 Chemical structures of three brush polymers for mechanochemical degradation study[82]

Scheme 13 Synthesis and mechanochemical reactivity of copolymers[91]

Scheme 14 Synthesis of a comb?shaped graft copolymer PBA?SP?P(MMA?co?NBD) via CRP[92]

Scheme 15 Synthetic scheme of copolymer PX and their mechanochemical transformation[93]

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