Effect of Metallic Impurities in the Electroplating Solution on Nickel Coatings†

doi:10.7503/cjcu20160140

Abstract

Abstract:

To study the influence of impurities on the coating quality, 2 g/L of Co²⁺, Cr³⁺, Mn²⁺, Fe²⁺, Cd²⁺, Zn²⁺ were introduced into the nickel plating solution, respectively. The results of X-ray diffraction(XRD) revealed that the obtained nickel coatings were of different growth orientation. The results of scanning electron microscopy(SEM) showed that the presence of metallic impurities made coating grain size smaller, different metallic impurities made different influence, then the brightness and density of the obtained coatings had great difference. Regularity of electrochemical behavior of electroplating solution with different metallic impurities was investigated by catholic polarization, chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Through the concentration gradient experiment, corrosion experiment, heat cycle and high temperature experiments, the critical concentrations of metallic impurities were guaranteed to obtain high quality Ni coatings for different use.

Key words: Nickel plating, Metallic impurity, Quality of coating

CLC Number:

O646

TrendMD:

TANG Xuqing, REN Xiubin, LU Haiyan, LIN Haibo, WANG Chaonan, LIU Honghong, LIU Shouxin. Effect of Metallic Impurities in the Electroplating Solution on Nickel Coatings^†[J]. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2016, 37(7): 1364.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 XRD patterns of coatings from electroplating solutions containing different metallic impurities

Fig.2 XRD patterns of coatings from electroplating solutions containing Cr3+(A), Zn2+(B) or Cd2+(C)

Fig.3 XPS spectra of coatings from electroplating solutions containing different metallic impurities The insets are XPS spectra of metallic impurity. (A) Co2+; (B) Cr3+; (C) Mn2+; (D) Fe2+; (E) Cd2+; (F) Zn2+.

Fig.4 SEM images of coatings from electroplating solutions containing different metallic impurities(A), (B) Original; (C), (D) Co2+; (E), (F) Cr3+; (G), (H) Mn2+; (I), (J) Fe2+; (K), (L) Cd2+; (M), (N) Zn2+.

Fig.5 Cathodic polarization curves of electroplating solution containing different metallic impuritiesa. Original; b. Co2+; c. Cr3+; d. Mn2+; e. Fe2+; f. Cd2+; g. Zn2+.

Fig.6 Chronopotentiometric curves of electroplating solution containing different metallic impuritiesa. Original; b. Co2+; c. Cr3+; d. Mn2+; e. Fe2+; f. Cd2+; g. Zn2+.

Fig.7 Nyquist plots of electroplating solutions containing different metallic impurities(-1.05 V)a. Original; b. Co2+; c. Cr3+; d. Mn2+; e. Fe2+; f. Cd2+; g. Zn2+.

Fig.8 SEM images of coatings before(A, C, E, G, I, K, M) and after(B, D, F, H, J, L, N) placed in the salt fog box(A), (B) Original; (C), (D) Co2+; (E), (F) Cr3+; (G), (H) Mn2+; (I), (J) Fe2+; (K), (L) Cd2+; (M), (N) Zn2+.

Table 1 Concentration limits(mg/L) of metal impurities allowed in different experiments

Metallic impurity	Concentration gradient experiment	Corrosion experiment	Heat cycle experiment	High temperature experiment
Co²⁺	60	60	60	60
Cr³⁺	20	10	5	5
Mn²⁺	100	100	90	90
Fe²⁺	45	40	30	20
Cd²⁺	30	20	20	15
Zn²⁺	120	120	110	110

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